Acute neural effects of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors versus noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors on emotion processing: Implications for differential treatment efficacy |
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Authors: | Tim Outhred Brittany E Hawkshead Tor D Wager Pritha Das Gin S Malhi Andrew H Kemp |
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Institution: | 1. Discipline of Psychiatry, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, NSW 2065, Australia;2. SCAN Research and Teaching Unit, School of Psychology, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;3. Department of Psychology, Auburn University, AL 36849, USA;4. Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, CO 80309, USA;5. CADE Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, Royal North Shore Hospital, NSW 2065, Australia;6. Advanced Research and Clinical Highfield Imaging (ARCHI), University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, NSW 2065, Australia;g Hospital Universitário, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil |
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Abstract: | Clinical research has demonstrated differential efficacy of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (NRIs), which may relate to differential acute effects these medications have on emotional brain processes. Here we present findings from a Multi-Level Kernel Density Analysis meta-analysis that integrates and contrasts activations from disparate fMRI studies in order to examine whether single dose SSRIs and NRIs have different effects on emotion processing tasks in healthy participants. Seven SSRI and four NRI studies were eligible for inclusion. SSRIs decreased amygdala responses, suggesting reduced emotional reactivity to emotional stimuli, whereas NRIs increased frontal and medial activation, suggesting increased emotion regulation. As hypothesised, an interaction of antidepressant and task type was found, such that SSRIs modulated amygdaloid-hippocampal, medial and frontal activity during both the presentation of faces and pictures, whereas NRIs only modulated the activation in medial and frontal regions during the presentation of pictures. Findings are interpreted within a novel model of the differential effects of SSRIs and NRIs on emotion processing. |
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Keywords: | Antidepressants SSRI NRI Serotonin Noradrenalin Emotion fMRI Multi-Level Kernel Density Analysis Meta-analysis |
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