Current concept on the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease-crosstalk between genetic and microbial factors： Pathogenic bacteria and altered bacterial sensing or changes in mucosal integrity take ＂toll＂ ？

The pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is only partially understood.Various environmentaland host(e.g.genetic-,epithelial-,immune and non-immune)factors are involved.It is a multifactorialpolygenic disease with probable genetic heterogeneity.Some genes are associated with IBD itself,while othersincrease the risk of ulcerative colitis(UC)or Crohn's disease(CD)or are associated with disease locationand/or behaviour.This review addresses recent advancesin the genetics of IBD.The article discusses the currentinformation on the crosstalk between microbial andgenetic factors(e.g.NOD2/CARD15,SLC22A46A5 andDLG5).The genetic data acquired in recent years help inunderstanding the pathogenesis of IBD and can identify anumber of potential targets for therapeutic intervention.In the future,genetics may help more accurately diagnoseand predict disease course in IBD.