不同运动方式对中老年人骨密度的影响

目的探讨不同运动方式对中老年人骨密度的影响,以指导中老年人保健。方法使用单能X线骨密度仪对温州市121名体检的50岁以上中老年人进行跟骨骨密度测定,按标准分为运动组和不运动组,比较两组骨密度,分析不同运动方式,包括运动项目、运动频次、运动时间、运动年限对运动组骨密度的影响。结果运动组与不运动组年龄、性别、体重指数比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。运动组骨密度高于不运动组,差异有统计学意义(t=3.568,P=0.001)。年龄、性别、运动项目、运动频次、运动年限是中老年人骨密度的影响因素(F=20.601,P0.01)。结论运动可以改善中老年人的骨密度,不同的运动方式对中老年人骨密度影响有区别。中老年人要想通过运动获得骨量的增长,要在临界强度负荷下选用适宜自己个体的对骨骼冲击力大的运动,并提高运动频次,延长运动年限。

Effects of Different Exercise Modes on Bone Mineral Density in Middle and Elder Adults

Objective To explore the influence of different exercise modes on the bone mineral density and to guide health care of the middle and eider adults. Methods Single - energy X - ray absorptiometry （SXA） was used to determine the heel bone mineral density in 121 physical examinees aged above 50 years in Wenzhou city. All participants were divided into exercise groups and non - exercise group according to the standards. The difference in bone mineral density between the two groups was compared. Furthermore effects of exercise modes related factors including sports items, exercise frequency, exercise duration and exercise years on bone mineral density were analyzed. Results There was no statistical difference in age, sex, and body mass index between exercise group and non - exercise group （ P〉 0. 05 ）. Bone mineral density of exercise group was significantly higher than the control group （ t= 3. 568, P=0. 001 ）. Bone mineral density was associated with age, sex, sports items, exercise frequency and exercise years in the middle and elder adults （ F= 20. 601, P〈0.01 ）. Conclusion It is indicated that exercise can improve bone mineral density in the elderly and different exercise modes have different effects. The skeletal quality can be improved by increasing the frequency of exercise, prolonging the time of excrcise and selecting the exercise mode with heavy - load exercise under the load threshold in the middle and elder adults.