短段腓总神经功能束三维重建的初步研究

目的 基于组织学连续断层切片,利用计算机技术进行短段腓总神经功能束三维重建.方法 取自愿捐献的成人约5 cm长胭窝段腓总神经,连续横断冰冻切片,片厚10 μm,切片间距0.25 mm,共切取200张切片.采用乙酰胆碱酯酶组织化学染色,镜下观察神经束变化规律,通过数码摄像系统将染色切片转化为数字图像,图像拼接获取放大100倍的二维全景图像,人工判断功能束性质,图形处理软件配准分割后,利用Amira 3.1三维重建软件实现腓总神经功能束的三维重建.结果 (月国)窝段腓总神经内部功能束可划分为感觉神经束、运动神经束、混合神经束和以运动神经纤维为主的混合神经束.其中,腓深神经和腓浅神经间无神经束的交叉融合,神经束的交叉融合主要发生在腓深神经和腓浅神经内部的功能束间.三维重建结果能较真实地再现周围神经的三维立体结构及其内部功能束组的三维立体行径,重建结构能单独或搭配显示,还能任意角度显示.结论 基于组织学和计算机技术,可以三维重建短段腓总神经功能束,为长段周围神经功能束的三维重建提供可行性依据.

PRELIMINARY RESEARCH OF 3D RECONSTRUCTION OF SHORT-SEGMENT COMMON PERONEAL NERVE FUNCTIONAL FASCICLES

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the feasibility of building the 3D reconstruction of short segment common peroneal nerve functional fascicles based on serial histological sections and computer technology. METHODS: Five cm of the common peroneal nerve in the popliteal fossa, donated by an adult, was made into the serial transverse freezing sections (n=200) at an interval of 0.25 mm and 10 microm in thickness per section. Acetylcholinesterase staining was adopted and the nerve fascicles were observed by microscope. 2D panorama images were acquired by high-resolution digital camera under microscope (x 100) and mosaic software. Different functional fascicles were distinguished and marked on each section. The topographic database was matched by image processing software. The 3D microstructure of the fascicular groups of 5 cm common peroneal nerve was reconstructed using Amira 3.1 3D reconstruction software. RESULTS: Based on microanatomy and the results of acetylcholinesterase staining, this segmented common peroneal nerve functional fascicles was divided into sensory tract, motor tract, mixed tract and motor-predominating mixed tract. The cross merging was not evident in the nerve fascicles between deep peroneal nerve and superficial peroneal nerve, but existed within the functional fascicles of the deep peroneal nerve and the superficial peroneal nerve. The results of 3D reconstruction reflected the 3D structure of peripheral nerve and its interior functional fascicles factually, which displayed solely or in combination at arbitrary angles. CONCLUSION: Based on serial histological sections and computer technology, the 3D microstructure of short-segment peripheral nerve functional fascicles can be reconstructed satisfactorily, indicating the feasibility of building 3D reconstruction of long-segmental peripheral nerve functional fascicles.