Effect of nitroblue tetrazolium on NO synthase and motor function of opossum esophagus |
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Authors: | Dr Jeffrey L Conklin MD Brian W O'Meara MD Joseph A Murray MD Sheng Yun Fang PhD Eugene D Clark BS James Christensen MD |
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Institution: | (1) From the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Iowa College of Medicine and Department of Veterans Affairs Hospital, 52242 Iowa City, Iowa;(2) Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology/Hepatology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, 52242 Iowa City, Iowa |
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Abstract: | Nitric oxide mediates neuromuscular events in the opossum esophagus. The NADPH diaphorase stain is used to localize nitric oxide synthase-containing enteric neurons. Cells stain by the NADPH diaphorase technique because they reduce nitroblue tetrazolium to the visible formazan. The effects of nitroblue tetrazolium on neuromuscular function and nitric oxide synthase of esophageal muscle were studied. The NADPH diaphorase stain was performed. Nitroblue tetrazolium inhibited lower esophageal sphincter relaxation, abolished the latency gradient of the off response, and inhibited nitric oxide synthase. The NADPH diaphorase technique stained myenteric plexus nerve cell bodies and nerve processes. Nitroblue tetrazolium is not a nonspecific muscle or nerve toxin, as nerve-mediated cholinergic responses, responses to exogenous nitric oxide, and responses to myogenic stimulation were maintained after nitroblue tetrazolium abolished the off response and lower esophageal sphincter relaxation. Nitroblue tetrazolium inhibits nitric oxide-mediated events and nitric oxide synthase. It stains neurons in the esophageal myenteric plexus.This work was supported by a Merit Grant and a Research Career Development Award from the Department of Veterans Affairs, and NIH grant DK 11242. |
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Keywords: | nitric oxide enteric nervous system nonadrenergic noncholinergic nerves autonomic nervous system gastrointestinal motility NADPH diaphorase |
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