经口气管插管患者口腔护理研究的文献分析

目的 了解我国经口气管插管患者口腔护理研究的进展情况,明确存在的问题,为今后的研究方向提供参考.方法 检索截至2013年12月的CNKI、万方、维普和CBM 4个数据库中有关经口气管插管患者口腔护理研究的文献,并采用文献计量学分析方法对检索结果进行系统分析.结果 共纳入1997年至2013年符合标准的文献309篇,主要收录于22种护理专业期刊中.经口气管插管患者口腔护理方法可大体归纳为5种：冲洗加擦洗法（95篇）,传统棉球（棉棒）擦拭和/或纱布（球）擦拭法（58篇）,牙刷刷洗法（54篇）,冲洗法（51篇）,喉镜协助法（7篇）.54篇文献使用传统棉球作为护理工具,55篇文献使用牙刷,其中儿童（软毛）牙刷29篇,普通牙刷14篇,电动牙刷12篇.口腔护理溶液主要有生理盐水（49篇）、中药溶液（36篇）、氯己定（36篇）、抗生素（12篇）、聚维酮碘（17篇）、碳酸氢钠（9篇）等.结论 经口气管插管患者的口腔护理已经引起护理研究者的重视,但口腔护理方法、频次及护理工具的使用仍欠规范.今后需加强护理人员的系统培训,提高科研工作者的科研能力,开展大样本、高质量的研究,制定全国性口腔护理指南,提高我国危重患者口腔护理水平.

Literature analysis on oral care research of orotracheal intubated patients

Objective To know the progress of research in oral care of orotracheal intubated patients in China and to analyze the existing problems as well as provide the reference for further study.Methods Databases of CNKI,Wanfang,VIP and CBM were searched for literature on oral care for the orotracheal intubated patients by the end of December 2013,and the methods of bibliometrics were used to analyze the research results.Results Three hundred and nine articles that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria from 1997 to 2013 were collected.These papers were mainly included in 22 kinds of nursing journals.The methods of oral care for orotracheal intubated patients could be classified into five types：rinse and swabbing （95 papers）,traditional cotton（cotton swab） cleaning or gauze swabbing （58 papers）,toothbrushing （54 papers）,oral rinse （51 papers）,laryngoscope assistance （7 papers）.With 54 articles using traditional cotton balls as oral care tool,55 papers using toothbrush,including children toothbrush of soft bristle （29 papers）,ordinary toothbrush （14 papers） and electric toothbrush （12 papers）.Oral care solution mainly included normal saline（49 papers）,traditional Chinese medicine （36 papers）,chlorhexidine（36 papers）,antibiotics （12 papers）,povidone iodine （17 papers）,sodium bicarbonate （9 papers）,etc.Conclusions The oral care of orotracheal intubated patients has attracted the attention of researchers,but the use of oral care methods,the frequency in oral care and oral care tools still owe specification.More attention should be paid to strengthen the training of nursing staff,to improve the scientific research ability of scientific research workers and to carry out large sample and high quality trials.An oral care guideline that fits into our national conditions should be built in an effort to improve the level of oral care in critical patients in our country.