新生儿窒息后脑损伤B超诊断及其相关因素分析

目的探讨新生儿颅脑损伤与新生儿窒息的相互关系。方法2004 12—2005 05江西省妇幼保健院对196例新生儿进行颅脑B超探查，并结合临床资料对其结果进行对比分析。结果196例新生儿中共有脑损伤73例，其中早产儿为54例，占早产儿的60%(54/90)，足月儿脑损伤为19例，占足月儿的17.92%(19/106)，低体重儿脑损伤47例，占低体重儿的56%(47/84)，正常体重儿脑损伤为26例，占正常体重儿的23.2%(26/112)。早产儿、低体重儿颅脑损伤发生率分别较足月儿、正常体重儿明显升高，且有显著差异(P<0.01，P<0.05)。早产儿、低体重儿颅脑损伤在对照组与窒息组间无统计学意义(P>0.05)，而足月儿、正常体重儿、剖宫产儿颅脑损伤在对照组、窒息组间存在显著差别(P<0.05)。结论新生儿窒息是引起足月儿、正常体重儿、剖宫产儿颅脑损伤的主要因素之一；早产儿、低体重儿脑损伤发生率明显高于足月儿、正常体重儿；减少早产儿、低体重儿的出生，可有效降低新生儿颅脑损伤的发生率；颅脑B超可作为新生儿早期颅脑损伤的诊断、筛查、跟踪随访的重要检查手段之一。

Analysis of related factors with 2D ultrasonography diagnosis in the craniocerebral injury after newborn asphyxia.

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the correlation of craniocerebral injury to asphyxia in newborn.MethodsA total of 196 cases of newborn head were inspected with 2D ultrasonography for craniocerebral injury;with combination of clinical materials,the comparison of craniocerebral injury in asphyxia group was contrasted with the control group.ResultsThere were 73 cases of craniocerebral injury in 196 cases of newborn.Among them,there were 54 cases of craniocerebral injury in all the 90 cases (60%) of premature newborn,and 19 in all the 106 (18.49%) of mature newborn.The craniocerebral injury of newborn asphyxia was significantly positively correlated with fetal age to fetal weight (P<0.01).The incidence of craniocerebral injury in premature newborn or in low weight newborn was significantly higher than that in mature newborn or in normal weight newborn (P<0.05,or P<0.01).The incidence of craniocerebral injury in premature newborn was not significantly different from that in low weight newborn between control group and asphyxia group (P>0.05); and the incidences of craniocerebral injury in mature newborn,normal weight newborn and abdominouterotomy newborn were significantly different between control group and asphyxia group (each P<0.05).ConclusionThe newborn asphyxia is one of the major factors of craniocerebral injury in mature newborn,normal weight newborn and abdominouterotomy newborn; to decline the births of premature newborn and of low weight newborn is to make the incidence of craniocerebral injury decreased efficiently; the head ultrasonography is one of the important methods which may be used to make the craniocerebral injury diagnosed,screened and pursued.