成都市城区7～15岁中小学学生眼屈光状况的流行病学抽样调查

目的：了解成都市中小学生近视患病率情况,找出学生近视预防的薄弱环节。方法：采取分层整群抽样,在成都市区随机抽取公立和私立学校各一所,然后在每所学校的各年级随机抽一个班作为调查对象。采用主客观验光检查并收集屈光状态,对各年级的近视率进行2χ检验,对不同性别、眼别的近视率进行2χ检验。共调查学生732人,其中小学生350人,初中生382人。结果：中小学学生正视眼比率为49.66%,远视为3.35%,近视为46.99%。随着学生年级的增加,近视比率也不断增加,并且出现了两次较大幅度的增长。小学2年级到3年级近视比率从6.00%增加为22.46%,二者差异有统计学意义（2χ=11.970 6,P=0.000 5）;小学6年级到初一近视比率从44.44%增加为65.46%,二者差异有统计学意义（2χ=17.859 7,P〈0.000 1）。中小学男生近视率为41.78%,女生为52.18%,二者差异有统计学意义（2χ=15.888 9,P〈0.000 1）。右眼近视率为47.14%,左眼为46.86%,二者差异无统计学意义（2χ=0.011 0,P=0.916 6）。结论：①成都市中小学生存在近视发病率高,近视患病率随年龄逐渐上升,发展速度加快,并且越来越低龄化的特点;②近视预防需求旺盛,但医疗部门对近视的主动干预不够,特别是缺乏预防近视的有效措施和方法。

The Epidemiological Random Sampling Survey of Refractive Power Condition, Which Carrying on Students Aged Between 7 and 15 Years in Chengdu

Objective：To investigate the myopia prevalence of grade and high school students in Chengdu city,and find out the weak tache of myopia prevention.Methods：We took out two schools in Chengdu city randomly,then took out one class in each grade of two schools.We examined and collected the refractive state of each student.The rates of myopia between grades,gender or eyes was compared by χ2-test.Results：The rate of emmetropia,hyperopia and myopia was separately 49.66%,3.35% and 46.99%.Followed the advance of grade,the rate of myopia was also increased.The myopic rate of schoolgirl was higher than that of schoolboy（χ2=15.888 9,P〈0.000 1）.There had no statistical difference between right and left eyes（χ2=0.011 0,P=0.916 6）.Conclusions：The myopic rate of grade and high school students in Chengdu city was very high and fast in development rate.The efficient steps and means were required to prevent myopia.