Adjuvant immunotherapy using fibroblasts genetically engineered to secrete interleukin 12 prevents recurrence after surgical resection of established tumors in a murine adenocarcinoma model

BACKGROUND: To explore effective therapeutic strategy against cancer of the gastrointestinal tract, tumor vaccination using fibroblasts secreting interleukin-12 (IL-12) was developed as an adjuvant therapy against murine tumor after surgical resection. METHODS: Initially, IL-12 was genetically engineered into fibroblasts (IL-12/3T3 cells), and then we evaluated in vivo and in vitro antitumor effects. In the vaccination model, irradiated C-26 tumor mass was reinoculated intradermally with IL-12/3T3 cells in mice as a tumor vaccine to examine how much it suppresses tumor recurrence. RESULTS: IL-12/3T3 cells producing 7.2 ng/10(6) cells/24 h murine IL-12 in vitro exerted dose-dependent potent tumor suppression when coinoculated with C-26 cells in vivo. Specific immunity was also acquired in 63% of mice in vivo. In the vaccination model, protective immunity was developed in 70% of mice that were inoculated with irradiated tumor mass and IL-12/3T3 cells. In addition, local recurrence was not observed in vaccinated mice, although 44% of control mice had recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: Coinoculation of genetically engineered fibroblasts secreting IL-12 with irradiated tumor mass was proved to be an effective tumor vaccine. This system of vaccination is easily applicable to clinical situations, particularly to human gastrointestinal tract cancers.