实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎的小胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞反应

目的确定小胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞在实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎（ＥＡＥ）发病及病变发展中的作用。方法用牛脊髓髓鞘碱性蛋白（ＭＢＰ）免疫豚鼠发生ＥＡＥ，用免疫组化法观察ＥＡＥ不同病期小胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞对炎性脱髓鞘病灶的反应。结果发生ＥＡＥ的前３天，小胶质细胞即开始激活，在临床症状出现时其数量及激活程度达高峰，并持续至高峰期。恢复期数量逐渐减少，激活程度逐渐减弱。星形胶质细胞在症状高峰期开始激活并围绕在浸润细胞和病变血管周围，似有隔离小胶质细胞与病灶接触的作用，至恢复期激活明显。结论小胶质细胞激活在ＥＡＥ的发病及进展中起重要作用，而星形胶质细胞主要与疾病的恢复有关。

Effects of microglia and astrocytes on inflammatory lesions of the central nervous system in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

Objective To explore the role of microglia and astrocytes in the pathogenesis and lesion progress in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Methods We induced EAE in guinea pigs using bovine MBP and examined microglial and astroglial reactions to EAE lesions at various stages with the method of immunohistochemistry. For the demonstration of the microglia and astrocytes, the antibodies against RCA 1 and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were used. Results The microglia began to become active three days before the appearance of clinical symptoms. At the initial stage of EAE, when the symptoms manifested themselves evidently the microglia were increased in number and in activity reaching their peaks in close association with the development of the lesions, whereas the astrocytes showed no significant reaction. At the peak stage of EAE, the astrocytes began to be active so that their fibers enclosed the inflammatory lesions. At the recovery stage of EAE, the astrocytes became significantly active, whereas the microglia reaction became gradually inactive and the microglia got slowly less and less in number. Conclusion It is suggested that the the microglia augment, but the astrocytes suppress, the inflammatory processes in the CNS of EAE.