中国城镇居民的膳食结构与营养状况

对１９９２年全国营养调查中８４７４户中的３１１７７名城镇居民进行膳食结构和营养状况分析，结果表明：大城市、其它城市居民的膳食结构与建议的２０００年膳食目标相当接近，谷类能量比为５２．７％和５４．９％，动物性食物能量比为１６．３％和１８．９％。蛋白质摄入足够，由动物性食物、豆类共同提供的蛋白质分别占３４．４％和４０．８％，但来自脂肪的能量已超过膳食总能量的３０％。县城居民除动物性食物热能比稍低以外，其它各项均己达到标准；郊区差距还比较大，只有脂肪热能比达到要求，多数指标只与１９８２年城市居民持平。居民膳食中钙、维生素Ｂ２和维生素Ａ的摄入明显不足；儿童发育迟缓发生率为８．３％～２６．９％，体重不足儿所占比例为４．０％～１１．３％，郊区发生率最高；成人的肥胖和消瘦的发生率均在城市最高，这说明居民膳食仍有待改善，并应加强营养知识宣传以改善居民的膳食及营养状况。

The nutritional status and dietary pattern of Chinese urban residents

The authors analyzed dietary pattern and nutritional status of 8474 urban households,with a total of 31177 individuals in 1992. The results showed that the diet of big cities and other urban households was quite close to the Dietary Goal of China for year 2000. In average, 52.7% and 54.9%of dietary energy originated from cereals, 16. 3% and 18.9% of it from animal food, respectively in big city and other urban areas. The protein intakes were adequate. The proportion of protein from beans and animal food were 34. 4%～40.8% , respectively. But the proportion of energy from fat was more than 30%. The diet of county town reached the Recommended Dietary Goal of China for year 2000 except that the proportion of energy from animal food was somewhat lower. In the suburbs, all the indexes have not achieved except energy from fat. Most of them remain at the same level of 1982. The deficiency of calcium and riboflavin were rather common. The prevalences of stunting of preschool children were from 8.3%to 26.9%, underweight from 4.0%to 11.3%in the suburbs, which were the highest among the areas observed. The highest prevalences of obesity and underweight of adults were in the urban. It was concluded that the dietary pattern and nutrition status of Chinese urban should be improved.