应用人体测量法评估湖南省宜章县0～7岁农村儿童的营养状况

目的应用人体测量法评估宜章县0～7岁农村儿童营养状况。方法采用横断调查设计，随机抽样，获得2969名0～7岁儿童，以身长和体重作为衡量儿童营养状况的指标，采用Z值法以WHO参考人群为标准评估该儿童群体的营养状况。结果年龄别身高（HA）Z值的标准差波动在1．13～1．33，年龄别体重（WA）Z值的标准差波动范围较大在1．02～1．43，特别是1岁以内的儿童。与WHO参考分布相比，该儿童群体的HAZ值和WAZ值显著左移约1个单位，身高别体重（WH）Z值左移0．4个单位，生长迟缓、低体重和消瘦的患病率分别为20．1％、21．6％和6．8％。营养不良患病情况在出生后3个月龄内较低，6月龄后患病率迅速上升，在15月龄左右达到20％～30％，此后有所下降但维持在较高水平上。低体重与生长迟缓和消瘦问有显著的相关关系，Pearson相关系数分别为0．815和0．636（P〈0．01），发育迟缓与消瘦间没有发现显著的相关关系。结论该县农村儿童的整体营养状况受到不良影响，相对于WHO参考人群营养不良患病率较高，低的HA和WA可能是该地区农村儿童的主要问题。

Assessment on Nutritional Status Among 0- 7 - year 01d Children by Anthropometry in Yizhang County,Hunan

Objective To assess nutritional status among children aged from 0,to 7 years in Yizhang County by using anthropometry. Methods With cross- sectional study and random sampling, a survey with a sample size of 2,969 children under 7 - year- old was conducted in Yizhang County of Hunan. Height and weight were measured and nutrition status was evaluated with WHO reference using Z scores. Results SD of height for age （HA） and weight for age （WA） were 1.10- 1.30 and 1.06- 1.40, respectively, and SD of WAZ for infants varied. The distribution of HAZ and WAZ shifted downward to 1 unit and 0.4 unit for distribution of weight for height （WHZ）. The prevalence rates of stunting, underweight and wasting were 20.1%, 21.6 %, and 6.8 %, respectively. The prevalence rate of malnutrition was lower among the infants under 3 months of age. Stunting and underweight increased sharply after 6 months and reached 20 % -30 % at 15 months of age. Significant cor- relation was found between underweight and stunting or wasting, with the coefficients of 0. 815 and 0. 636, respectively （P〈 0.01）, No correlation was found between stunting and wasting. Conclusions The nutrition status affects children as a whole but not only for individuals. There is a higher prevalence of malnutrition mainly on low height and weight in children of Yizhang County.