160例药品不良反应报告分析

目的了解我院药品不良反应（ADR）发生的规律和特点,促进临床合理用药,提高药物治疗安全性。方法采用回顾性方法,对2010年上报的167例ADR报告按患者年龄、性别、药品给药途径、引起ADR的药品种类、ADR累及的器官和临床表现、ADR的转归与评价等进行总结分析。结果167例ADR报告中,7例为皮试阳性,有效报告160例,其中男84例,女76例,平均年龄为54.37岁;ADR涉及药品12类73种;静脉给药144例（占90%）,口服给药11例（占6.87%）,皮下注射给药5例（占3.13%）;导致ADR发生前3位的药品中,抗感染药物83例（占51.87%）,中药制剂40例（占25%）,消化系统用药9例（占5.6%）。ADR的表现中,皮肤及附件损害为主要症状;ADR多为一般性的（占97.5%）,严重的4例（占2.5%）,并且转归良好,无死亡病例。结论2010年我院ADR发生的年龄和性别差异无统计学意义。抗感染药物、中药制剂及静脉给药途径是发生ADR的主要易感因素,提示我们应加强对其使用的监督管理,保障患者用药安全。

Analysis of 160 cases of adverse drug reaction

Objective To understand the regularity and characteristic of adverse drug reaction（ADR）of our hospital,and promote rational drug use,improve the safety of drug therapy.Methods 167 cases of ADR reports reported in 2010 were analyzed retrospectively in respect of patients′ age,sex,drug administration route,drugs categories,organ and systems involved,clinical manifestations,the degree of ADRs,consequence and prognosis.Results In the 167 cases of ADR reports,7 cases were skin test positive.There were 160 cases of effective reporting,including 84 males and 76 females,the average age was 54.37 years old;The drugs involved totaled 12 classes and 73 kinds;Intravenous administration：144 cases（90%）,oral administration：11 cases（6.87%）,subcutaneous injection：5 cases（3.13%）;83 cases（51.78%）were induced by anti-infective drugs,40 cases（25%）followed by Chinese medicine preparations,the digestive system drugs accounted for 9 cases（5.6%）.The main symptoms of ADR were skin rash and pruritus.Most cases were general（97.5%）and of good prognosis,with no deaths.Conclusion There is no significant difference between age and gender of ADR occurred in our hospital.Anti-infective drugs,traditional Chinese medicine preparations and intravenous route of administration are major risk factors of ADR,suggesting that we should strengthen the supervision and management of its use to ensure patient′s medication safety.