1990～2004年龙岩市慢性铅中毒病例分析

[目的]了解龙岩市铅中毒发病规律，以便提出防治措施。[方法]对1990～2004年龙岩市职业病防治院和市以上职业病中毒诊断小组确诊的慢性铅中毒患者资料进行分析。[结果]合计发现异常者339例，其中慢性铅中毒241例（轻度中毒175例，中度中毒65例，重度中毒1例），观察对象98例；冶炼行业251例，蓄电池行业28例，印刷业1例，其他行业59例；男性319例，女性20例；18-20岁5例，21～30岁66例，31～40岁172例，41～50岁68例，51～72岁28例；工龄〈1年、1～5年、6～10年、11～15年、16～20年、21～25年、26～30年、〉30年的分别为12例、74例、93例、61例、38例、42例、17例、2例。摘要治疗与转归情况、铅中毒慢性轻度患者经一个疗程、部分二个疗程治疗基本治愈出院；铅慢性中度患者经二、三个疗程治愈出院，但最长治疗六个疗程治愈出院。[结论]龙岩市慢性铅中毒患者中，依次以冶炼、生活性（饮酒）、蓄电池接铅患病较多，男性多于女性，患病以31～50岁较多，工龄（包括生活性饮酒）以1．0～15年为主；今后职业病防治重点仍以从事冶炼、蓄电池行业为主。

Analysis on Lead Poisoning Cases in Longyan City during 1990 to 2004

[Objective]To understand the characteristics of lead poisoning prevalence in Longyan city in order to bring forward the measure for its control and prevention. [Methods]To analyze the data of the lead poisoning cases during 1990 to 2004 diagnosed determinately by Longyan hospital for occupational disease control and prevention and the diagnosis groups for occupational disease. [Results]339 abnormal cases were found,among which chronic lead poisoning cases were 241 with 175 for light degree,65 for midrange,1 for high degree, cases needed observation were 98. 251 cases were from metallurgical refinery industries, 28 from storage battery industries, 1 from printing industry, and 59 from other industries. Male cases were 319 while female were 20;there were 5 cases for groups aged from 18 to 20,66 for 21 to 30,172 for 31 to 40,68 for 41 to 50,28 for 51 to 72;the distribution of cases in length of service showed that there were 12 cases for group under 1 year,74 for 1 to 5 years,93 for 6 to 10,61 for 11 to 15,38 for 16 to 20,42 for 21 to 25,17 for 26 to 30,2 for over 30 years. Most of he light degree cases had had 1 course of treatment,some had 2 courses; most of the midrange cases had 2 or 3 courses of treatment, the longest one was 6 course. [Conclusion]The chronic lead poisoning cases were mainly caused by metallurgical refinery, drinking, and storage battery, the male was more than the female, the ages of cases distributed mainly from 31 to 50 years old,most cases had 1 to 15 years of service length. The persons engaged in metallurgical refinery industries and storage battery industries were still the main objects of occupational disease control and prevention.