云南西部革螨生态位研究

本文应用现代生态学中生态位的理论和方法，对云南西部１１种主要革螨在２５种小兽宿主资源上的生态位宽度和生态位重叠进行了研究。生态位宽度用Ｌｅｖｉｎｓ模型测定；生态位重叠用Ｃｏｌｗｅｌｌ－Ｆｕｔｕｙｍａ模型测定，并在此基础上用模糊聚类分析进行了生态位重叠群的划分。研究结果表明：①１１种革螨中，纳氏厉螨及毒厉螨的生态位最宽，阿尔及利亚厉螨及金氏厉螨的生态位最窄；②模糊聚类分析将１１种革螨划分为７个生态位重叠群；③革螨生态位宽度与其所寄生的宿主范围呈正相关（ｒ＝０．８５０１，Ｐ＜０．０１），生态位宽度可作为评价革螨等体外寄生虫宿主特异性的定量指标。

STUDIES ON ECOLOGICAL NICHE OF GAMASID MITES IN WESTERN YUNNAN (ACARI: GAMASIDES)

By using the theory and methods of ecological niche in mordern ecology, the niche breadth and niche overlap of 11 dominant species of gamasid mites, namely laelaps echidninus, L. nuttalli, L.algericus, L. jettmari, L. chini, Haemolaelaps glasgowi, Proctolaelaps pygmaeus, Haemogamasus oliviformis,Euiaelaps shanghaiensis, Ornithonyssus bacoti, and Hirstionyssus sunci, in a resource-series formed by 25 species of hosts, all are small mammals, from 12 counties in Western Yunnan were studied. The index of Levins' niche breadth and the modal of Colwell-Futuyma's niche overlap are measured for each species of gamasid mites. On the basis of measuring the niche overlaps, the niche overlaping groups for all gamasid mites were classified by fuzzy clustering analysis. The results showed that: 1) the niche breadths of Laelaps nuttalli and Laelaps echidninus were the widest, while Laelasp algericus and Laelasp chini the narrowest, 2) seven niche overlaping groups could be classified from the phenogram of fuzzy clustering analysis, 3) a positive correlation was found between gamasid mites'niche breadths and their host ranges with 0.8501 correlation coefficient(P<0.01). It was suggested that the niche breadth could be used as an index for evaluating the host specificity of gamasid mites and other sctoparasites.