彩色多普勒超声对高血压和糖尿病患者下肢动脉硬化特征的研究

目的比较高血压和糖尿病患者下肢动脉病变的分布及严重程度。方法对164例高血压患者及178例糖尿病患者进行下肢动脉检查（包括股动脉、胭动脉、胫前、后动脉及足背动脉），观察二维超声表现及CDFI表现。结果糖尿病组与高血压组相比：股总动脉、股浅动脉、股深动脉粥样硬化斑块、中层钙化的发生率无显著性差异（p〉0．05）；胭动脉、胫前动脉、足背动脉中层钙化及胭动脉粥样硬化斑块的发生率则存在差异（p〈0．05）；胫前动脉、胫后动脉、足背动脉粥样硬化斑块、胫后动脉中层钙化的发生率差别非常显著（p〈0．01）；膝以上动脉狭窄、闭塞率无显著性差异（p〉0．05），膝以下（包括胭动脉、胫前、后动脉、足背动脉）动脉狭窄、闭塞率则差别非常显著（p〈0．01）。结论糖尿病患者下肢膝以下小动脉的损害较高血压组更为严重。

Features of lower extremity arterial atherosclerosis on color Doppler ultrasonography in patients with diabetes and hypertension

Purpose To compare the features of lower limb arterial atherosclerosis on color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI) in patients with diabetes and hypertension. Methods Lower limb arteries of 178 cases with diabetes and 164 cases with hypertension were examined with CDFI. Results In the two groups of diabetes and hypertension, there was no significant difference of atherosclerosis and arterial media calcification in the common, shallow and deep femoral arteries(p>0.05). The incidence of arterial media calcification in popliteal artery, anterior tibial artery and dorsalis pedis artery, and atherosclerosis in popliteal artery were significant difference in two groups (p<0.05). The incidence of atherosclerosis in anterior tibial artery, posterior tibial artery and dorsalis pedis artery, and arterial media calcification in posterior tibial artery were significant difference in two groups(p<0.01). There was no significant difference of arterial stenosis and occlusion in the arteries above the knee level between two groups (p>0.05). The incidence of arterial stenosis and occlusion in the arteries below the knee level was significant difference between two groups (p<0.01). Conclusion The arterial complication of small arteries below the knees were more serious in patients with diabetes than those in patients with hypertension.