泌尿系统先天异常的多层螺旋CT尿路成像诊断

目的 探讨多层螺旋CT尿路成像（MSCTU）在诊断泌尿系先天异常方面的特点、成像方法及其临床应用价值。方法 搜集3年间临床资料完整的泌尿系先天异常患者33例，均行MSCTU成像，对全泌尿系扫描，排泄期图像进行最大强度投影（MIP）、多平面重组（MPR）、容积重组（VR）、仿真膀胱镜（VC）检查，获得完整、立体的尿路影像。结果 经MSCTU诊断泌尿系先天异常33例，包括异位肾、马蹄肾、肾盂旋转不良各1例，附加肾、输尿管瓣膜症、腔静脉后输尿管各2例，巨输尿管4例，肾盂输尿管交界处狭窄6例，双肾盂双输尿管9例，膀胱憩室5例。输尿管显示率91％（61／66侧），所有显影输尿管中上段腔内对比剂平均CT值520HU，后处理图像显示泌尿系解剖结构清晰、立体感强，完全能满足诊断。结论 MSCTU对显示泌尿系先天异常的整体解剖形态和细微病理变化能力强，能明显提高诊断率，可作为首选检查方法。

Multi-slice spiral CT urography in the diagnosis of urinary congenital abnormities

Objective To evaluate the imaging methods,characteristics,diagnostic value of multi- slice CT urography(MSCTU)in congenital abnormities of urinary system.Methods To collect 33 urinary congenital abnormities cases in three years and to analyses these MSCTU images.All examinations were performed with a multi-slice spiral CT scanner.The patients were intravenously injected with 90 ml of Iohexol 300 with a power injector at the rate of 3 ml/s.Nephrographic-phase images were obtained at 75 s after initiation of the injection of contrast material,the appropriate delay time is according to Kidney's enhancement extent and nephrohydrosis degree.Excretory-phase images were obtained through the abdomen and pelvis from 10 min.to 23 h after initiation of the injection of contrast material without abdominal compression.Excretory-phase images were transferred to the workstation and performed maximun intensity projection(MIP),multiplanar reconstruction(MPR),volume rendering(VR),and virtual cystoscopy (VC).Results The urinary congenital abnormities diagnosed by MSCTU in 33 cases,including 1 ectopic kidney,1 horseshoe kidney,1 renal malrotaion,2 supernumerary kidneys,2 ureteral valves,2 retrocaval ureters,4 congenital megaureters,6 ureteropelvic junction stenosis,9 pelviureteric duplication malformations and 5 bladder diverticula.The displaying rate of ureter was 91%(61/66).The scanning time of excretory-phase was less than 20 seconds in All cases.The average CT value of contrast media in displayed ureter lumens was 520 HU.The postprocessing images had clear,dimensional feature and It was satisfy the diagnosis.Conclusion MSCTU has clear,dimensional feature and has strong ability of displaying total anatomy shape and tiny pathology change of congenital abnormities in the urinary system.It is a very useful method for detecting the congenital abnormities in the urinary system.