近十年78例新发阵发性睡眠性血红蛋白尿症的临床分析

目的　研究九十年代阵发性睡眠性血红蛋白尿症（PNH）患者的临床特征,以增加对PNH新的认识,指导PNH的诊断及治疗.方法　对1990年1月至1999年11月我院诊断的78例新发PNH患者的临床表现、实验室检查及治疗情况进行了回顾性分析.结果　①与八十年代的病例相比,新发PNH患者的发病年龄有所增大（中位年龄由27岁升至34岁）；女性病例增多（由18.5%升至38.5%）；无血红蛋白尿发作病例增多（由24.2%升至38.5%）；血栓形成发生率仍较低（3.0%对6.4%）. ②所有患者均无家族遗传史. ③部分患者表现类似骨髓增生异常综合征：骨髓有2-3系病态造血（19.2%）,染色体核型异常（12.2%）,姊妹染色单体分染阴性（8.9%）；部分患者表现类似再生障碍性贫血：骨髓增生减低（12.3%）,Ham's试验阴性（34.2%）.但100.0%（25/25例）患者外周血红细胞及粒细胞CD55或CD59表达异常,可作为鉴别诊断的特异性指标.④83.8%患者对肾上腺糖皮质激素为主的治疗有效,但易复发,1年复发率为54.2%.8例对肾上腺糖皮质激素治疗效果差或有依赖的难治性、复发性PNH用低剂量化疗（MP方案：马法兰2-6?mg*d-1；强的松0.5?mg*kg-1*d-1）治疗有效率为62.5%,而且均未出现严重的骨髓抑制及其它毒副反应.结论　PNH作为一种后天获得性疾病,更多见于成年男性.CD55、CD59的检测有助于提高PNH的检出率,大部分的PNH患者对肾上腺糖皮质激素为主的治疗反应良好,对难治性、复发性PNH患者可试用低剂量化疗.

Clinical analysis of 78 cases of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria diagnosed in the past ten years

Objective To learn more about the clinical and laboratory features of patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) diagnosed in the past ten years. Methods Clinical and laboratory data for 78 cases of PNH diagnosed from January 1990 to November 1999 in our hospital were analyzed retrospectively. Results In comparison with PNH cases reported in the 1980s, the newly diagnosed PNH cases showed the following features: (1) older age of disease onset (from 27 to 34 years); more female cases (from 18.5% to 38.5%); more cases without hemoglobinuria (from 24.2% to 38.5%). (2) No positive family hereditary history. (3) Bone marrow dysplasia, abnormal karyotype and negative sister chromatid differentiation were found in 19.2%, 12.2% and 8.9% of the PNH patients, respectively. 12.3% of the patients had bone marrow hypoplasia, and most of them had no hemoglobinuria. Ham's tests were negative in about 34.2% of the cases. CD55 and CD59 on peripheral blood cells were deficient in 100.0% of the cases, suggesting that CD55 and CD59 tests can improve the diagnosis of PNH. (4) Adrenocortical hormone was effective in 83.8% of the patients, 54.2% of whom relapsed within one year. Eight refractory and relapsed patients were treated with low dose chemotherapy (MP therapy: Melphalan 2-6?mg*d-1; Prednisone 0.5?mg*kg-1*d-1). Five (62.5%) of them showed positive responses. Bone marrow failure and other side effects were not serious in this group of patients. Conclusions PNH, an acquired blood disease seen more often among adult males, can be diagnosed more sensitively by hemocyte member CD55 and CD59 tests and treated more effectively with adrenocortical hormone or low dose chemotherapy.