颞下颌关节滑膜炎动物模型的建立及组织病理学观察

目的建立稳定的颞下颌关节（TMJ）滑膜炎动物模型。方法将16只6周龄雄性SD大鼠随机分为4组,分别是对照组、升高咬合组、切除咬肌组以及切除咬肌加升高咬合组。通过切除大鼠双侧咬肌来削弱咬合力以及在大鼠双侧上颌第一和第二磨牙上粘接树脂改变大鼠咬合垂直距离来诱导大鼠TMJ滑膜炎的发生。实验结束后取大鼠双侧TMJ作石蜡切片,通过组织病理学诊断鉴定TMJ滑膜炎动物模型的确立。结果对照组TMJ滑膜未出现炎症性改变;升高咬合组和切除咬肌组出现滑膜下组织血管扩张和滑膜固有层细胞增生,但2组间炎症表现差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;与升高咬合组和切除咬肌组相比,切除咬肌加升高咬合组呈现明显的滑膜炎症特征性表现（P＜0.05）,包括滑膜下组织血管扩张、纤维素沉积、滑膜固有层细胞增生。结论本研究所建立的TMJ滑膜炎的动物模型能较好地模拟滑膜炎的组织病理学变化过程,且具有效果稳定、可重复性好的优点。

Establishment of animal model of temporomandibular joint synovitis and its histological investigation

Objective To establish a stable animal model of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) synovitis. Methods Sixteen 6-week-old male SD rats were classified into four groups, control group, occlusal dimension increase group, masseter resection group, occlusal dimension increase group and masseter resection group. The rats in the occlusal dimension increase group were adhered composite resin to their maxillary molars in order to increase the occlusal vertical dimension when they were 9-week-old. The rats in the masseter resection group were cut off their bilateral masseter muscles when they were 6-week-old. In the occlusal dimension increase group and masseter resection group, rats' bilateral masseter muscles were resected and occlusal vertical dimension was increased. All rats were sacrificed at their 10 weeks old. TMJ samples were prepared for histology to evaluate the animal model. Results The control group showed non-inflammatory changes. The occlusal dimension increase group and the masseter resection group showed vascular dilation and synovial lining proliferation, but there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups (P>0.05). Compared to the two disposed groups, the occlusal dimension increase group and masseter resection group showed significant inflammatory changes (P<0.05), including synovial lining proliferation, vascular dilation and fibrin deposit. Conclusion The animal model of TMJ synovitis created in the present investigation could simulate the real pathological features of synovitis in vivo, and this animal model showed the obvious merits of high stability and reproduction.