灾害救援物资的配置与管理

探讨灾害发生时救援物资的配置与管理.(1)外伤用物品:地震发生初期大量的外伤病员,需要的外伤用物品相对较多,如纱布、棉垫、绷带和各种规格夹板用于包扎止血以及清创缝合.(2)隔离防护物资:随着时间的延长,被救出来的灾区伤员伤口创面发生感染,消毒隔离所需要的防护物资相应增加,例如一次性隔离衣、床单、一次性治疗巾,避免交叉感染.(3)转运出诊箱:①为到机场接灾区来的伤员准备的物资;②为去灾区医院转运危重病员所准备的物资;③为将病员转至外省、空中转运所准备的物资.3种不同转运的出诊箱包含的药品都包括肾上腺素、阿托品、多巴胺、间腔胺等,在第2、3种出诊箱里还增加了吸痰器、心电监护仪、气管插管等.通过这次震灾救援,笔者建议今后在平时器材应该分为A、B、C类储备:A类为固定器材,包括各种小型设备、仪器等;B类为药材,包括急救药材、消毒药品、各系统疾病用药,根据保质期进行随时更换、清理;C类为消耗性器材,包括手术衣帽、注射器、纱布、绷带、针线等.B类与C类器材与A类固定装备进行随时组合,保证各项医疗操作技术顺利进行.

Resources collocation and management for medical relief in quake-stricken disaster region

This in a survey of collocation and administration of medical supplies during Wenchuan earthquake. (1) Material utilized for trauma wound: in the early phase after Wenchuan earthquake, lots of trauma patients needed materials for hemostasis and debridement such as gauze,bandage and wooden plate. (2) Material for isolation and protective care: the wound began to be infected with the prolonged heeling, so isolation was needed and plenty of material was reqired for prevention of cross infection at this time, such as disposable isolation gowns. (3)First-aid boxes for transfer; material used for receiving patients from disaster areas at airport; material used for transfering patients from medical care units of disaster areas, and material needed for transfering patients to other provinces by train or by air. Three was a set of 3 first-aid boxes, one for medicine such as adrenalin, atropine, doamine or aramine,other two boxes for suction machine for removal of secretion, ECG monitor and intubation apparatus. According to the experience from the Wenchuan earthquake,we put forth a suggestion that emergency equipments should be divided into A,B,and C categories for reserve in peacetime. Type A is essential equipment including a variety of small appliances and apparatus. Type B is the medicinal substances including first-aid medicine,disinfection agents and so on, which should be replaced regularly in terms expiration date. Type C is consumable stuff. The different combinations between type A and type B or type C can be used in different circumstance for different purpose.