双侧额大骨瓣减压术在重型颅脑外伤致难治性弥漫性脑肿胀患者中的应用分析

目的 探讨双侧额大骨瓣减压术对重型颅脑外伤致难治性弥漫性脑肿胀的治疗效果及并发症的防治.方法 回顾性分析68例重型颅脑外伤致难治性弥漫性脑肿胀患者的临床资料,根据患者在治疗过程中是否接受双侧额大骨瓣减压术分为两组,观察组35例入院后在不同时间内接受双侧额大骨瓣减压术,术后继续颅内压监测;对照组33例采用保守治疗降低颅内压,持续性颅内压监测.出院后6个月应用格拉斯哥预后量表评定疗效并统计观察组并发症发生情况.结果 观察组入院时颅内压为（35.9±6.9） mmHg（1 mmHg =0.133 kPa）,从入院到手术的时间为2～16（10.5±4.2）h,术后颅内压为（17.5±5.2） mmHg,与入院时比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.对照组入院时颅内压为（34.2±8.6） mmHg,入院后10.5 h时为（32.0±4.8）mmHg,与入院时比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,与观察组术后颅内压比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.观察组术后发生硬脑膜下积液2例,脑积水1例.术后6个月观察组预后较好率为45.7％（16/35）,而对照组为18.2％（6/33）,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 双侧额大骨瓣减压术对重型颅脑外伤致难治性弥漫性脑肿胀是一种快速有效降低颅内压的方法,可改善患者预后,手术时机是影响预后的关键.

Role of bifrontal decompressive craniectomy in the management of refractory diffusing of brain swelling after severe traumatic brain injury

Objective To analyze the effect of bifrontal decompressive craniectomy on patients with refractory diffusing of brain swelling after severe traumatic brain injury.Methods The clinical data of 68 patients with refractory diffusing of brain swelling after severe traumatic brain injury were analyzed retrospectively.Thirty-five patients were performed with bifrontal decompressive craniectomy as observed group,continued intracranial pressure monitoring after surgery.Thirty-three patients were treated conservatively to reduce intracranial pressure as control group,continued intracranial pressure monitoring.The Glasgow outcome scale after discharge 6 months were assessed.The efficacy,the incidence of complications were observed in observed group.Results The admission intracranial pressure in observed group was significantly higher than that after surgery [（35.9 ±6.9） mmHg （1 mmHg =0.133 kPa） vs.（17.5 ±5.2） mmHg,P ＜0.05].The admission intracranial pressure in control group was （34.2 ± 8.6） mmHg,after admission 10.5 h was （32.0 ±4.8） mmHg （P ＜0.05）,difference was no statistically significant （P＞ 0.05）.The intracranial pressure after admission 10.5 h in control group was significantly higher than that in observed group after surgery （P ＜0.05）.Two cases of subdural effusion,1 case of postoperative hydrocephalus in observed group.The better prognosis rate in observed group was significantly higher than that in control group [45.7％ （16/35） vs.18.2％ （6/33）,P ＜ 0.05].Conclusions Bifrontal decompressive craniectomy is a suitable measure to decrease the intracranial pressure in the patients with refractory diffusing of brain swelling.If carried out early,it could provide better outcome for these patients.