二尖瓣腱索断裂295例超声与手术结果的比较研究

目的通过观察大样本二尖瓣腱索断裂(MCTR)的超声心动图和手术特点,探讨MCTR疾病分布特点、经胸超声心动图(TTE)特征,并明确其在指导手术中的价值。资料与方法收集5年以来在北京阜外心血管病医院住院的295例MCTR患者病例资料,记录所有患者心电图、经胸超声心动图、手术结果,将结果进行比较分析。结果 295例MCTR患者中,前叶腱索断裂100例,后叶腱索断裂182例,前后叶腱索均断裂13例;腱索完全断裂26例,部分断裂269例;进行换瓣手术110例,修补手术132例。本组MCTR的主要超声特点为二尖瓣叶脱垂、出现连枷样或挥鞭样改变、二尖瓣中～重度反流、心脏扩大、轻中度肺动脉高压。根据手术结果判断,TTE对MCTR的诊断符合率为96.7;判断前后叶脱垂和腱索断裂的诊断符合率为92.5,准确判断为完全和部分腱索断裂的诊断符合率为89.3。TTE的主要误诊原因是在判断腱索摆动与断裂腱索、二级腱索断裂部位仍有缺陷和缺少经验。经过统计学分析,MCTR是进行换瓣还是修补手术,与附着瓣叶的部位有关(P<0.05),而腱索是否部分或完全断裂与手术方式的选择无关(P>0.05)。结论经胸超声心动图能够准确地诊断大部分MCTR,并且能够协助外科医生进行初步分型和选择手术方式。

Comparison of Echocardiography and Surgical Results in 295 Patients with Mitral Chordae Tendinae Rupture

Purpose To compare the echocardiographic characteristics of mitral chordae tendinae rupture(MCTR) with surgical results.Materials and Methods Electrocardiogram,echocardiography and surgery were performed in 295 consecutive in-patients with MCTR in Fuwai Hospital during 5 years.Results There were 100 patients with rupture of the anterior leaflet,182 patients with rupture of the posterior leaflet,and the remainder 13 patients had rupture of both leaflets.Partial MCTR was found in 269 cases and total MCTR in 2...