Cardiovascular Tropism and Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection |
| |
Authors: | Oleksandr Dmytrenko Kory J. Lavine |
| |
Affiliation: | 1.Center for Cardiovascular Research, Departmental of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Campus Box 8086, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA;2.Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA;3.Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA |
| |
Abstract: | The extrapulmonary manifestation of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), became apparent early in the ongoing pandemic. It is now recognized that cells of the cardiovascular system are targets of SARS-CoV-2 infection and associated disease pathogenesis. While some details are emerging, much remains to be understood pertaining to the mechanistic basis by which SARS-CoV-2 contributes to acute and chronic manifestations of COVID-19. This knowledge has the potential to improve clinical management for the growing populations of patients impacted by COVID-19. Here, we review the epidemiology and pathophysiology of cardiovascular sequelae of COVID-19 and outline proposed disease mechanisms, including direct SARS-CoV-2 infection of major cardiovascular cell types and pathogenic effects of non-infectious viral particles and elicited inflammatory mediators. Finally, we identify the major outstanding questions in cardiovascular COVID-19 research. |
| |
Keywords: | SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection cardiomyocyte pericyte myocarditis thrombosis |
|
|