云南省富源县燃煤型氟中毒防治效果分析

目的 掌握云南省富源县燃煤型氟中毒病区改灶降氟效果。方法 于1997～1999年对富源县3个氟中毒病区村进行了2周期炉灶使用情况和降氟效果对比监测。结果 新寨、迤得黑、德胜3个监测点玉米氟本底值均〈1.00mg／kg，辣椒氟本底值分别为4．55、1．70、2．85mg／kg。经贮存3个月后，玉米、辣椒含氟量呈不同程度升高，新寨明显低于迤得黑和德胜，监测户与对照户间差异无显著意义。而经贮存6、9个月后，粮食氟无继续升高趋势。新寨、迤得黑、德胜村8～12岁儿童氟斑牙检出率分别为47．0％、88．9％、90．2％；尿氟分别为1．01、3．55、4．41mg／L。新寨低于迤得黑和德胜，监测户与对照户间尿氟差异无显著意义。降氟炉灶第2周期监测结果与第1周期无明显差异，使用合格率分别为70％、0、4％，三者差异有显著意义。结论 监测点氟污染仍然严重，改灶降氟是预防燃煤型氟中毒的关键，宣传教育与管理、经济文化水平的提高是有效实施改灶降氟工程的保证。预防燃煤型氟中毒应采取改灶降氟为主的综合措施。

Preventive effects of improved oven in coal-burning polluted endemic fluorisis areas in Fuyuan County of Yunnan Province

Objective To study and analyze the preventive effects of improved ovens in areas with coal-burning polluted type of endemic fluorisis. Methods Two rounds of comparative surveillance were performed on stove installation and its preventive effects in three testing spots from 1997 to 1999 in Fuyuan County of Yunan Province. Results The initial monitoring results of Xinzhai, Yidehei and Desheng showed that the fluoride contents were all lower than 1.0 mg/kg in corn, and were 4.55 and 1.70 and 2.85 mg/kg in chili,respectively. After the corn and chili were stored for 3 months, the fluoride contents increased individually, the results of Xinzhai were the lowest in three spots. There was no significant difference between monitoring group and control group; stored for 6 -9 months, the fluoride contents remained the same. Prevalence incidence of dental fluoride in children 8 - 12 years old were 47.0%, 88.9% and 90.2%, respectively. Urine fluoride levels were 1.01, 3.55 and 4.11 mg/L, respectively. There was no significant difference between the results of first round and those of the second one. Great discrepancies had been seen in properly using rate of remodeled ovens in three spots. Conclusion Fluoride pollution in surveillance areas is still severe and the use of the improved stoves is the key to prevent coal-burning polluted type of endemic fluorisis. Administration, education and the development of economy and culture would be the guarantee to perform the project of generalized improvement. Comprehensive measures based on the improved ovens should be adopted to prevent the coal-burning polluted type of endemic fluorisis.