江苏省嗜人按蚊分布区环境特征的现场调查

目的 了解江苏省嗜人按蚊分布范围和分布区环境特征。方法 在原有嗜人按蚊分布及近年来以乡为单位疟疾发病率超过0．1％的县市，进行嗜人按蚊分布调查；在盱眙，六合2县每县选5个乡，每乡3个村进行嗜人按蚊分布区环境特征调查。结果 20世纪90年代以来嗜人按蚊分布于江浦，六合，2仪征，盱眙，洪泽5县。嗜人按蚊分布区植被为树林，灌木和农作物等；河流，湖泊，池塘，沟渠密布；土壤为黄沙（粘）土，黄棕壤土，黑土，灰土，潮土5种，其中黄沙（粘）土占66．7％，有机物含量1．8％－2．5％；水田面积占可耕地总面积的69．5％，100％种植单季稻，稻田农药年使用量平均为18.8kg/hm^2。结论 江苏省嗜人按蚊分布区范围正在逐渐减小，该蚊的种群比例也正在下降，但这些地区自然环境仍适宜嗜人按蚊孳生，因此在疟疾发病率较高和局部出现暴发点的地区，甩必须加强嗜人按蚊监测。

FILED INVESTIGATION ON ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS IN AREAS WHERE ANOPHELES ANTHROPOPHAGUS DISTRIBUTED IN JIANGSU PROVINCE

Objective To understand the distribution and environmental characteristics of Anopheles anthropophagus in Jiangsu Province. Methods The counties where An. anthropophagus has been found in previous investigation or morbidity of township was over 0 1% were selected for investigation of An. anthropophagus distribution. Five townships from each county and 3 villages from each township in Xuyu and Liuhe counties were selected for environmental and socioeconomic investigations. Results An. anthropophagus has distributed in 5 counties, including Jiangpu, Liuhe, Yizheng, Xuyu and Hongzhe, in Jiangsu Province since 1990's. The vegetation of An. anthropophagus areas consisted of forrest, bush and crops. The areas were densely covered with rivers, ditches and ponds. The soil texture was either yellow, yellow brown, grey, black or tidal, contained 1 8%-2 5% organic material. Among them, the yellow soil was about 66 7%. Rice field was 70% among cultivable land. There was only one season rice plantation in the area and the mean amount of insecticide used was 18 9 kg/hm 2 per year in the rice field. Conclusion The distribution area of An. anthropophagus in Jiangsu Province reduced gradually and the species ratio of An. anthropophagus was also reducing. However, the natural environment of the area is still feasible for An. anthropophagus. So, it is needed to enhance the surveillance of An. anthropophagus in high endemic areas and the areas where malaria breaks out in recent years.