住院儿童高血压的病因分析及鉴别诊断

目的儿童高血压患病率有增高趋势,本研究拟总结住院儿童高血压的病因特点,探讨儿童原发性高血压和继发性高血压的不同点,为临床鉴别诊断提供依据。方法回顾性总结2003至2007年于首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院住院的全部高血压患儿,诊断标准参考国内及美国公认儿童高血压诊断标准,按照病因将患儿分成原发性高血压和继发性高血压2类,分别分析其临床特点,用单因素及多因素logistic回归分析原发性高血压和继发性高血压的鉴别参数。结果共304例患儿入选为研究对象,其中原发性高血压146(48.0%)例,继发性高血压患者158(52.0%)例,婴儿期、幼儿期、学龄前期、学龄期及青春期高血压患儿构成比分别为3.0%、6.3%、7.9%、39.1%及43.8%(P<0.001);继发性高血压患儿中,肾性高血压为首位病因,其他依次为内分泌性高血压、心血管性高血压、中枢神经性高血压及其他未系统归类的高血压。单因素分析发现高血压发病时间、入院时舒张压、24h平均心率、患儿性别、年龄、高血压家族史、头晕、恶心、黑棘皮征、体质量指数、尿酸、尿蛋白、心电图ST-T改变、血尿素氮、肌酐、立位肾素活性、超声显示脂肪肝发生率有显著差别(P<0.05);多因素回归分析示高血压家族史(OR=8.897)、年龄>10岁(OR=10.176)、体质量指数超标(OR=19.256)是预测高血压为原发性高血压的独立因素;而ST-T异常(OR=0.0257),立位肾素活性>6μg/(L.h-1)(OR=0.0593)提示高血压为继发性高血压。结论住院的高血压儿童以青春期儿童多见,以继发性高血压为主;高血压家族史、年龄>10岁、体质量指数超标提示高血压为原发性高血压;而ST-T异常和立位肾素活性>6μg/(L.h-1)提示高血压为继发性高血压。

Etiology and Differential Diagnosis of Admitted Children with Hypertension

Objective The prevalence of hypertension in children has been increasing over the past years.This study sought to summarize the clinical data of children who were admitted to Beijing Children's Hospital with a diagnosis of hypertension,and try to analyze the discriminating factors between primary hypertension and secondary hypertension.Methods All children with hypertension who were admitted to Beijing Children's Hospital during 2003 through 2007 were enrolled retrospectively.Data of medical history,physica...