四种中药煎剂对鱼塘大肠杆菌等微生物的体外抑制作用研究

目的：探讨4种中草药对鱼塘中2种有害菌和2种益生菌的体外抑制作用。方法：采用琼脂平板扩散法（滤纸片法），选取贯众、麻黄、穿心莲、夏枯草4味中药分别制成浓度为1g／mL的中药煎剂，设置不同浓度组及空白对照组（0％）做抑菌试验。结果：4种中草药对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌有明显的抑菌效果，且都存在剂量一效应关系，对照组与浓度组有极显著差异（P〈0．01），大肠杆菌对贯众有较强的敏感性（D〉19mm），金黄色葡萄球菌对贯众、麻黄、夏枯草都有较强的敏感性（D〉19mm）。枯草芽孢杆菌与酵母菌对4种中草药不敏感。贯众、麻黄、穿心莲、夏枯草对大肠杆菌的最小抑菌浓度分别为12．5％、50％、50％、25％，对金黄色葡萄球菌的最小抑菌浓度分别为6．25％、6．25％、25％、3．125％。结论：4种中草药对2种有害菌有明显的抑制作用；而2种益生菌对4种中草药不敏感。

Study on Inhibition in Vitro of Four Kinds of Chinese Herbal Decoction for E. coil and the Related Microorganisms from a Fish Pond

Objective： To investigate the inhibition in vitro of four kinds of Chinese herbal medicine for two kinds of harmful bacteria and two kinds of probiotics from a fish pond. Methods： Four kinds of Chinese herbal medicine such as Cyrtomium, Ephedra, Andrographis and Prunella were selected and made into Chinese herbal decoction with the concentration of 1 g/mL,which was designed into different concentration group and blank control group（0% ） so as to be done the bacteriostatic experiment by the agar plate diffusion method （filter paper method）. Resets：It was found that the four kinds of Chinese herbal medicine had strong bacteriostatic effects for Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, and there existed a dose-effect relationship between them and there was significant difference between the control group and the concentration group （P〈 0.01）. Escherichia coli had strong sensitivity to Cyrtomium Rhizome （D 〉 19 mm）, Staphylococcus aureus had strong sensitivity to Cyrtomium Rhizome, Ephedra and Prunella （D 〉 19 mm）. Bacillus sub- tilis and Saccharomyces had no sensitivity to the four kinds of Chinese herbal medicine. The minimum inhibitory concentration of Cyrtomium,Ephedra,Andrographis and Prunella on Escherichia coli was 12.5% ,50% ,50% ,25% and on Staphylococcus aureus was 6.25% ,6.25% ,25% ,3. 125% respectively. Conclusion： The four kinds of Chinese herbal medicine have obvious inhibition to the two kinds of harmful bacteria , however, the two kinds of probiotics have no sensitivity to the four kinds of Chinese herbal medicine.