某冶炼厂环境铅污染及其对人群健康影响的研究

目的　比较某冶炼厂 15年前后环境铅污染影响的变化 ,并为评价该厂扩建投产后污染变化提供依据。方法　选取 1980～ 1982年曾调查的污染区和对照区 ,于 1995～ 1997年再次调查两区稻米、蔬菜、饮水铅含量以及 7～ 14岁学龄儿童 (污染区 10 4名 ,对照区 6 8名 )的血铅及 δ- AL AD酶活力 ,并做比较分析。结果　米铅 (干重 )、菜铅 (湿重 )、学生血铅和 δ- AL AD酶活力的几何均值 :污染区分别为 2 6 .7± 1.6 5 mg/ kg、6 0 .4± 2 .6 7mg/ kg,2 0 6± 1.7μg/ L和 98± 1.3IU/ L;对照区分别为 13.2± 1.85 mg/ kg、44 .9± 2 .84mg/ kg、2 2 9± 1.3μg/ L和 2 2 5± 1.4IU/ L。污染区米铅显著上升而δ- AL AD酶活力显著性下降 (P<0 .0 1) ,污染区 2 2人 (占 2 1.2 % )血铅水平超过对照区最高值 (312 .9μg/ L) ,其中 8人高达 45 0～ 76 2 μg/ L;与 1980～ 1982年相比 ,污染区的稻米和蔬菜铅含量显著增加 (P<0 .0 1)。结论　该冶炼厂对污染区的铅污染有逐渐加重的趋势

Environmental Lead Pollution From a Certain Smeltery and Its Health Effects on Residents

Objective　To analyze the changes of environmental lead pollution of a certain smeltery and its health effects during a period about 15 years,and provide scientific basis for the assessment on the changes of environmental pollution after the extension of this smeltery in the future.Method　The contents of lead in rice,vegetables and drinking water,the blood lead levels and the activities of blood δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase of schoolchildren aged 7～14years (polluted area:104 individuals,control area:86 individuals) were determined in the polluted area and the control area,during the periods of 1980～1982 and 1995～1997 respectively,and the comparative study on these obtained data was carried out.Results　The contents of lead in samples of rice (dry wt.),fresh vegetables (wet wt.),the blood lead levels and the activities of δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity were 26.7±1.65 mg/kg,60.4±2.67 mg/kg,206±1.7 μg/L and 98±1.3 IU/L in polluted area respectively,13.2±1.85 mg/kg、44.9±2.84 mg/kg,229±1.3 μg/L and 225±1.4 IU/L in control area respectively.Significantly higher contents of lead in rice and significantly lower activities of δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase of schoolchildren were observed in polluted area compared with those in control area (P＜0.01).The blood lead levels of 22 schoolchildren (21.2%) in polluted area exceeded the highest levels of blood lead of schoolchildren (312.9 μg/L) in control area,8 schoolchildren of whomreached as high as 450～762 μg/L.Significant increases of the contents of lead in rice and vegetables were observed in polluted area during 1995～1997 compared with those during 1980～1982 (P＜0.01).Conclusion　The environmental lead pollution from the observed smeltery revealed a tendency of gradual deterioration.