Preferences for oral rehydration drinks among healthy individuals in Ghana: A single-blind,cross-sectional survey to inform implementation of an enterally based resuscitation protocol for burn injury |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana;2. Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA;3. University Hospital, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana;4. Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA;5. US Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, TX, USA;6. US Army Nurse Corps, San Antonio, TX, USA;7. Nepal Cleft and Burn Center, Kirtipur, Nepal;8. Harborview Injury Prevention & Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA;9. UW Medicine Regional Burn Center, Seattle, WA, USA;1. Tissue Bank and Tissue Therapy Unit, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Piazza Ospedale Maggiore 3, 20162 Milan, Italy;2. Department of Diabetology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Piazza Ospedale Maggiore 3, 20162 Milan, Italy;3. Microbiology Department, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Piazza Ospedale Maggiore 3, 20162, Milan, Italy;1. Division of Population Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, CF14 4YS, UK;2. CASCADE, School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, CF10 3BD, UK;3. Centre for Academic Child Health, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK;1. Fiona Wood Foundation, 11 Robin Warren Drive, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia;2. Burn Service of Western Australia, Burns Unit, Perth Children’s Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia;3. University of Western Australia, Burn Injury Research Unit, School of Biomedical Sciences, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia;1. Pain Relief and Palliative Care Unit, La Maddalena Cancer Center, Palermo, Italy;2. SAMO, Home Care Program, Italy;3. Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy;4. Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica (DIBIMiS), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy;5. Department of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mother-Child Care “G. D''Alessandro”, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy;1. Regional Burns Centre, Pinderfields General Hospital, Aberford Road, Wakefield WF1 4DG, United Kingdom;2. Hull York Medical School, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom;1. Characteristics Medical Center of PAP, Burn, Frostbite and Tissue Function Reconstruction Institute, 300162 Tianjin, China;2. Neurosurgery Department, No.1 Tianjin Center Hospital, 300162 Tianjin, China |
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| Abstract: | BackgroundEnterally based resuscitation for major burn injuries has been suggested as a simple, operationally superior, and effective resuscitation strategy for use in austere contexts. However, key information to support its implementation is lacking, including palatability and acceptability of widely available rehydration drinks.MethodsWe performed a single-blinded, cross-sectional survey of 60 healthy children (5–14 years), adults (15–54 years) and older adults (≥55 years) to determine palatability and overall acceptability of five oral rehydration solutions (ORS) and a positive control drink (Sprite Zero®) in Ghana. Quantitative data were described and differences between our control drink and the others across age groups were visually examined with Likert plots. Qualitative responses were analyzed using a content analysis framework.ResultsTwenty participants in each age group completed the study. Participants were as young as 5 years and as old as 84 years. Nearly two thirds of the sample identified as male (n = 38, 63% of all participants). The positive control was reported to taste ‘good or ‘very good’ by the majority of participants (89%) followed by lemon-flavored ORS (78%) and orange-flavored ORS (78%). Conversely, homemade and low-osmolarity ORS were reported to taste ‘good’ or ‘very good’ by only 20% and 15% of participants, respectively. There were no major taste differences across the age groups. However, children more frequently reported positively (i.e., tastes ‘good’ or ‘very good’) about flavored and sweet drinks than did adults and older adults. When faced with the hypothetical situation of being critically injured and needing resuscitation, participants tended to be more agreeable to consuming all the drinks, even low-osmolarity and homemade ORS.ConclusionsThese findings can be used to support the development of protocols that may be more acceptable among patients undergoing enterally based resuscitation, thus improving the effectiveness of the treatment. Specifically, enterally based resuscitation should likely include citrus-flavored ORS when available, given superior palatability and the fact that different flavor additives for patients of different ages do not seem necessary. |
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| Keywords: | Enteral resuscitation Burn Implementation Acceptability Low- and middle-income countries |
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