Relationships between cause of death and concentrations of seven steroids obtained from the serum and cerebrospinal fluid of cadavers |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Centre of Forensic and Legal Medicine and Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Dundee, United Kingdom;2. Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia;3. Division of Forensic Dentistry, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, Brazil;1. University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA;2. Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA;3. New York Eye and Ear Infirmary at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA;4. Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA;5. Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, USA;1. Section of Legal Medicine, Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan;2. Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan;1. Asylum Network, Physicians for Human Rights, 256 W 38th Street, 9th Floor, New York, NY, 10018, USA;2. Physicians for Human Rights, Professor of Family Medicine, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Georgetown University, 3900, Reservoir Rd NW, Washington, DC, 20007, USA |
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| Abstract: | In this study, we assessed 80 autopsy samples to investigate the relationships between cause of death and the concentrations of multiple steroids in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). First, we developed and validated analytical methods to quantify seven steroids (cortisol, cortisone, corticosterone, 11-deoxycortisol, 11-deoxycortiocosterone, progesterone, and testosterone) by using liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry. Next, we statistically evaluated the levels of each steroid for six causes of death: hypothermia, traumatic injury, fire fatality, asphyxia, intoxication, and internal disease. We observed that cortisol concentrations in serum and CSF obtained from cadavers who died from hypothermia were significantly higher than those in samples obtained from cadavers who died from the remaining causes of death (P < 0.05). Similarly, corticosterone concentrations obtained from cadavers who died from hypothermia were significantly higher than those in samples from several other causes of death. However, concentrations of the remaining steroids analyzed did not differ significantly among the causes of death. We further elucidated the correlations between steroid concentrations in serum and CSF. Except for 11-deoxycorticosterone and progesterone, steroid concentrations were significantly positively correlated in serum and CSF. Although data on cadaveric steroid concentrations are limited—especially in CSF—values obtained were in the approximate range of the living human data reported to date. |
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| Keywords: | Steroids Cause of death Serum Cerebrospinal fluids LC/ESI–MS/MS |
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