Myocardial contrast echocardiography. A review of clinical studies

A review is presented of to date published studies devoted to contrast echocardiography of the myocardium and covering a total of 169 patients. No complications occurred during investigations; slight transient ECG and haemodynamic changes of less than 30 s duration were not as pronounced as during coronary arteriography. Intracoronary administration of a 3-4 ml solution containing microbubles close to erythrocyte size leads to opacification of the perfused part of the myocardium in echocardiographic image, whereas the echogenity of nonperfused parts remains unchanged. With the use of this method it might be possible to evaluate the significance of coronary stenosis, to diagnose the "disease of small arteries", to assess the collateral circulation, myocardial infarction size, and to quantify the blood flow in various parts of the myocardium in real time. The method is promising for the assessment of myocardial microcirculation as a complement of coronary arteriography.