不同年级和专业医学生医院感染知识、态度和行为比较

目的了解不同年级和专业医学生实习前医院感染知识、态度和行为方面的情况，探讨针对医院感染与职业防护的教育方法。方法自行设计问卷，随机抽取某大学医学院2008-2010级接触临床初期的医学生进行调查。结果共调查医学生448名，剔除调查问卷资料缺失20%条目者，实际获得有效问卷421份，有效率为93.97%。在医院感染知识掌握方面：各专业医学生医院感染知识正确率比较，差异有统计学意义（χ2=1.62×104,P＜0.05），其中护理专业正确率（78.28%）最高，康复专业正确率（60.90%）最低；各年级医院感染知识正确率比较，差异有统计学意义（χ2=14.62,P＜0.05)，2008级正确率（75.51%）最高，2010级正确率（70.63%）最低。在态度方面：＞90%的医学生认为预防医院感染与职业防护重要，各年级态度得分差异无统计学意义（H=1.39,P＞0.05）；各专业医学生对待医院感染的态度得分，差异具有统计学意义（H=86.70,P＜0.05），护理专业得分最高，50%的学生得分＞74分，医学检验专业得分最低，50%的学生得分＞66分。在行为方面：54.46%的学生经常/一直表现出预防医院感染和职业防护的行为，各年级和各专业学生行为方面得分，差异有统计学意义（H值分别为36.49、180.32，均P＜0.05），2008级50%的学生得分＞60分，2009级相对较差，50%的学生得分≤55分；护理专业平均得分最高，为（63.76±10.11）分，临床八年制平均得分最低，为（47.94±14.35）分。结论接触临床初期医学生的医院感染知识掌握、态度方面较好，但行为亟待养成；有必要进行早期多途径医院感染知识教育，强化医学生的医院感染意识，促进其职业防护行为，减少其在实习期间的职业暴露和医院交叉感染的发生。

Knowledge, attitude and behavior towards healthcare associated infection among medical students of different school years and majors

ObjectiveTo investigate knowledge, attitude and behavior towards healthcare associated infection （HAI） among medical students of different school years and majors, and evaluate the teaching method on the education about HAI and occupational precaution. MethodsA survey was conducted among medical students of school year 2008-2010 during their initial period of clinical practice with a simple random sampling method by specifically designed questionnaires. Results448 medical students were investigated, 421 （93.97%） effective questionnaires were received. With regard to grasping HAI knowledge, the percentage of correct answer was statistically different among students of different majors （χ2=1.62×104,P〈0.05）, nursing students ranked first（78.28%）,and students of rehabilitation major ranked last（60.90%）; the percentage of correct answer was also statistically different among students of different school years （χ2=14.62,P〈0.05）,students of school year 2008 ranked first （75.51%）, and 2010 ranked last（70.63%）. With regard to attitude, more than 90% of students realized the importance of HAI prevention and occupational precaution, there was no statistical difference in attitude among all school years （H=1.39, P〉0.05）, but the difference in attitude among students of different majors was significant （H=86.70, P〈0.05）, nursing students scored highest, 50% of whom scored 〉74,medical laboratory students ranked last,50% of whom scored 〉66. With regard to behavior, 54.46% of the students often/always showed behavior of HAI prevention and occupational precaution, the scores were statistically different among students of different school years （H=36.49,P＜0.05） and majors （H=180.32,P＜0.05）,in terms of school year,50% of students of year 2008 and 2009 scored 〉60 and ≤55 respectively， in terms of major, nursing student got the highest average score（63.76±10.11）, 8 year program students scored lowest （47.94±14.35）.ConclusionDuring the initial period of clinical practice, medical students demonstrate a satisfactory level of knowledge and attitude towards HAI, but their behavior need to be improved; it’s necessary to perform education about HAI knowledge as soon as possible, enhance the awareness of HAI, and improve occupational precaution among medical students, so as to reduce the occupational exposure and cross infection in hospital during the internship period.