过敏性皮肤病患者过敏原检测方法效果评价

目的评价不同过敏原检查方法的临床应用价值。方法回顾性分析医院2019年收治且行过敏原皮肤点刺试验(SPT)及血清特异性免疫球蛋白E(s IgE)检测的304例过敏性皮炎患者的临床资料,分析过敏性皮肤病过敏原的种类及分布。结果血清sIgE和SPT均检出过敏原阳性203例(66.78%);SPT检测,食入性过敏原中检出率最高的为蟹,其次分别为虾、蚌类、牛奶、蛋清;吸入性过敏原中检出率较高的为粉尘螨和户尘螨。血清sIgE检测,吸入性过敏原中以室内尘螨组合检出率最高,其次为蟑螂和艾蒿;食入过敏原中以蟹检出最多,其次为虾、海洋鱼类组合、牛奶和蛋清;两种方法检出吸入性过敏原阳性例数均明显多于食入性过敏原(P <0.05),但各类过敏原(食入性、吸入性)及总检出率比较,差异无统计学意义(P> 0.05)。结论两种方法均检出粉尘螨、户尘螨、蟑螂、蟹、虾为过敏性皮肤病患者的主要致敏原,且2种检测方法简单快捷,结果互补,可结合用于过敏性皮肤病的检测。

Effect of Different Allergen Detection Methods in Patients with Allergic Dermatosis

Objective To evaluate the clinical application value of different allergen detection methods.Methods The clinical data of304 patients with allergic dermatitis admitted to our hospital in 2019 and underwent allergen skin prick test(SPT)and serum specific immunoglobulin E(sIgE)detection were retrospectively analyzed,and the types and distribution of allergens in patients with allergic skin diseases were analyzed.Results Both serum s IgE detection and SPT were positive for allergens in 203 cases(66.78%).SPT showed that the highest detection rate of food allergens was crab,followed by shrimp,mussels,milk and egg white,the higher detection rate of inhalant allergens were Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Dermatophagoides farinae.The serum s IgE detectin showed that the highest detection rate of inhalant allergen was Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus,followed by cockroach and Artemisia argyi,the highest detection rate of food allergen was crab,followed by shrimp,marine fishes,milk and egg white.The positive cases of inhalant allergens detected by the two methods were significantly more than that of food allergens(P<0.05),but there was no significant difference in the detection of various allergens(food and inhalant allergens)and the total detection rate(P>0.05).Conclusion Dermatophagoides farinae,Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus,cockroach,crab and shrimp were the main allergens detected by the two methods.The two detection methods are simple and quick,and the results are complementary to each other,which can be combined for the detection of allergens in patients with allergic skin diseases.