Developmental coordination disorder and other motor control problems in girls with autism spectrum disorder and/or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder |
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| Authors: | Svenny Kopp Eva Beckung Christopher Gillberg |
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| Institution: | 1. School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Australia;2. School of Occupational Therapy and Social Work, Curtin University, Australia;3. Child and Adolescent Health Services, Western Australia, Australia;4. Neurological Intervention & Imaging Service of Western Australia, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Australia;5. Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Australia;6. School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, United Kingdom;1. Oregon State University, School of Biological & Population Health Sciences, 202 Women''s Building, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States;2. Weill Cornell Medical College, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Center for Autism and the Developing Brain, 21 Bloomingdale Road, White Plains, NY 10605, United States;3. University of Michigan, School of Kinesiology, 1402 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, United States;1. Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France;2. CerCo, UMR 5549 CNRS UPS, Toulouse, France;3. Hôpital des Enfants, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, CHU Purpan, Place du Dr Baylac, F-31059 Toulouse Cedex 9, France;1. Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at Arlington, United States;2. Department of Physical Therapy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, United States;3. Library, University of Texas at Arlington, United States;1. Victorian Infant Brain Studies, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Australia;2. Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Australia;3. Neonatal Services, Royal Women''s Hospital, Parkville, Australia;1. Department of Developmental Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Tokyo, Japan;2. Department of Elementary Education, Ibaraki Christian University, Ibaraki, Japan;3. Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Medical Technology, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan;4. Hyogo Children’s Sleep and Development Medical Research Center, Kobe, Japan |
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| Abstract: | Examine the rate, predictors, and effect on daily life skills of developmental coordination disorder (DCD) and other motor control difficulties in school age girls with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and/or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), in preschool age girls with ASD referred to a neuropsychiatric clinic, and in a community sample of school age girls. The girls (131 in total) were examined with standardised test of motor function and parent interviews and questionnaires. The school girls were compared with 57 age-and IQ-matched girls from the community. DCD was diagnosed in 25% of clinic school girls with ASD, in 32% of those with ADHD, and in 80% of the clinic preschool girls with ASD. Parents reported more motor problems in the school age clinic group. Agreement between a brief motor screening test and a full comprehensive motor examination was moderate to good in the clinic group. Young age, autistic symptomatology, and low performance IQ predicted more motor coordination problems. Motor coordination problems were related to lower ability in daily life skills even when the effect of PIQ was controlled for. A large minority of school girls with ASD and/or ADHD, and a majority of preschool girls with ASD meet full diagnostic criteria for DCD. Their motor problems contribute to reduced activity in daily life even when the effects of IQ have been partialled out. |
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