广州市黄埔区学龄前儿童行为问题及影响因素的横断面调查

目的了解广州市黄埔区社区学龄前儿童行为问题的流行现状,探讨儿童气质及家庭环境对儿童行为问题的影响。方法采用随机分层整群抽样的方法,于2010年10月至2011年1月对广州市黄埔区7所幼儿园1237名（应答率74.9%）3～6岁儿童进行家长问卷调查,内容包括一般情况调查表、家长版长处和困难问卷（SDQ）、3～7岁儿童气质问卷（BSQ）和家庭环境量表（FES）。对1170份有效问卷进行统计分析,对行为问题的影响因素进行单因素分析和多元线性回归分析。结果行为问题总检出率为11.4%（134/1170）,未发现性别差异;同伴关系困难检出率最高（23.2%）,其次是多动注意缺陷（16.6%）、品行问题（11.8%）、情绪症状（8.4%）和亲社会行为（8.4%）。多元线性回归模型可以解释SDQ困难总分约50%的变异,行为问题的保护因素有父亲大专/本科以上受教育程度、家庭亲密度和文化性;危险因素有：联合家庭、儿童疾病史（严重先天性疾病或头部严重外伤）、儿童气质的坚持性低、适应性弱、情绪消极、节律性低、反应强烈、活动水平高。结论儿童行为问题的发生发展是多因素共同作用的结果,制定预防及干预措施需综合考虑各方面因素的影响。

Cross-sectional study on behavior problems and influential factors among preschool children in Huangpu district of Guangzhou

Objective The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to examine the prevalence of behavior problems and associated protective and risk factors among children aged 3 to 6 years in Huangpu district of Guangzhou. Methods A community-based sample of 1 170 children was assessed with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire（SDQ） , Behavioral Style Questionnaire （BSQ）, Family Environment Scale （FES） and a self-administered questionnaire including demographic characteristicts and children＇s pre-,peri- and postnatal condition. Results Totally I 1.4% （134/1 170） children were rated as abnormal without significant gender differences. The most prevalent behavior problem was peer problem （23.2%） , followed by hyperactivity（ 16.6% ） , conduct （ 11.8% ） , emotion （ 8.4% ） and prosocial （ 8.4% ）. Multiple linear regression models explained 50% of the total variance of SDQ total difficulties score for children. Paternal educational, cohesion and intellectual-cultural orientation of family environment were significant protective factors against behaviour problems. Joint family, child＇s medical history （congenital diseases, brain injury ） , temperamental low persistence, low adaptability, negative emotionality, low rhythmicity, high intensity and high activity were associated with higher SDQ total difficulties score （ P 〈 0.05 ）. Conclusions This study is consistent with previously reported risk factors for child behavior problems, and supports the need for a focus on early intervention and prevention strategies in the child mental health field.