High prevalence of cytochrome P 450 2A6*1A alleles in a black African population of Ghana

Objective We investigated the frequencies of the functionally important variants of the CYP2A6 gene in black African populations.Methods Using genomic DNA sequencing, polymerase chain reaction (PCR)–restriction fragment length polymorphism and allele-specific PCR, the allele frequencies of CYP2A6 *1A, *1B, *2, *4A, *5, *6, *7, *8, *9, *10 and * 11 among 120 black Africans— including 105 Ghanaians, 12 Nigerians, 2 Ivorians and 1 Ugandan—were determined.Results The allele frequencies were 80.5% for CYP2A6*1A, 11.9% for CYP2A6*1B, 1.9% for CYP2A6*4A and 5.7% for CYP2A6*9 in the Ghanaian subjects. No subject homozygous for the CYP2A6*4A allele, a whole gene deletion type of polymorphism prevalent among Orientals, was found. Furthermore, CYP2A6 variants such as *2, *5, *6, *7, *8, *10 and *11 were absent in these black African populations.Conclusions This study provides, for the first time, the results of the analysis of CYP2A6 allele frequency in black African populations and confirms large ethnic differences in the polymorphic CYP2A6 gene.