长沙市甲基苯丙胺使用情况“应答者驱动抽样”流行病学调查

目的：了解长沙市甲基苯丙胺使用的流行情况。方法：采用同伴驱动抽样（respondent—driven sampling，RDS），通过自拟问卷对长沙市最近3个月内使用过甲基苯丙胺的成年人进行抽样调查。结果：接受调查的129人以男性、汉族、有伴侣（包括配偶、男女朋友及同居者）、初高中学历、处于就业状态、年收入较高者为主；平均年龄为29．0a±s7．8a（最小18a，最大48a）；102人进行过HIV抗体检测，皆为阴性；有94（72．9％）人曾使用过其他非法成瘾性物质包括k粉、摇头丸、海洛因、大麻、丁丙诺啡、曲马多、美沙酮及安定；尚未发现使用可卡因及快克者。长沙市甲基苯丙胺以冰和麻古两种形式存在并被使用。使用方式全为冰壶抽吸，使用场所均为私人场所（家里、宾馆及出租房）。最近三个月内甲基苯丙胺的平均使用天数为21．4d±s31．3d（中位数10d），冰毒的平均用量为每次0．3g，麻古3．8片。甲基苯丙胺的可及性很强，大多数人（87／126，69．0％）都能“比较容易或非常容易”地获取。使用甲基苯丙胺常见的原因有：吸毒同伴的存在、追求刺激、以及为了摆脱不良情绪状态等，很少有人用来减肥。使用甲基苯丙胺产生的不良后果主要包括对使用者的饮食、体重、健康、经济、情绪的影响以及家庭关系的伤害。结论：甲基苯丙胺在长沙易于获得、在同伴间广为传播，其使用对使用者本人及其家庭带来了严重的危害；因此相关部门有必要采取截断毒品来源、开展相关的禁毒宣传措施。

EPIDEMIOLOGICAL RESEARCH OF METHAMPHETAMINE USE AND ITS DETERMINANTS AND CONSEQUENCES IN CHANGSHA CITY

Objective：To understand the general situation,characteristics of methamphetamine （meth） users in Changsha city. Methods ： A questionnaire （ self - designed） investigation was conducted among meth users recruited through respondent driven sampling （RDS） and who reported meth use within last 3 months from community. HIV antibody test was carried out for the participants. Results：Altogether 129 meth users participated in the investigation. Most of them were male, Han nationality, employed, having a partner （including spouse, girlfriend/boyfriend or cohabitant）, received junior or high middle school education and higher level of income. The average age was 29.0 a ＋s 7.8 a （ranging from 18 a to 48 a） ,none of the 102 participants who accepted HIV antibody test was HIV positive. Most of them （94/ 129,72.9% ） had ever used other illicit addictive drugs including katemine, Ecstasy, heroin, marijuana, buprenorphine, tramadol,methadone, and diazepam. No one reported ever having used cocaine or crack. Meth was commonly found in two swbstances. One is ice, which is pure meth, and the other is called Magu made of meth, caffeine,and perfume, etc. All the users smoked meth with a special instrument ＇ ice pot＇ in private locations including home,rented apartment and hotel. The mean days of meth use within last 3 months were 21.4 d ＋ s 31.3 d（ median 10 d） ,and the mean doses used for ice and Magu were 0. 3 gram and 3.8 tablets, respectively for each time. Meth was highly available, and more than 2/3 of the participants（87/129, 67. 4% ）reported ＂they can easily or very easily＂ get this drug. The main determinants of meth use were： peer influence, sensory - seeking, promotion of sexual pleasure, and escaping from bad mood. Only a few people used meth for weight reduction. The adverse consequences of meth use included bad appetite, weigh loss, bad health, loss of money, bad emotion, and harm to the family. Conclusion：Meth has brought great halan to the users. High level of meth availability and peer influence may result in more and more meth users. Measures should be taken specifically to reduce drug availability and propaganda carried out to reduce meth use.