人参抗肿瘤作用的有效成分及其机制研究进展

人参是中国延用了两千多年珍贵的传统中药材之一,由于其具有诸多药理作用而临床广泛应用于治疗肿瘤等多种疾病。目前肿瘤已经成为威胁人类健康的重要因素,因而人参抗肿瘤作用也越加受到关注。针对人参抗肿瘤作用的有效成分及其分子作用机制、构效关系进行综述。研究表明人参抗肿瘤作用的主要有效成分为人参皂苷及其肠道菌群代谢产物、人参多糖和人参炔醇,这些活性成分发挥药理作用的机制目前已较为明确,其作用机制主要包括诱导肿瘤细胞周期阻滞、凋亡及分化、增强对肿瘤细胞免疫、抑制肿瘤细胞增殖及侵袭与转移等,而其分子机制涉及许多相关基因、蛋白、蛋白酶、免疫细胞、细胞因子及相关信号通路等的调控与表达。此外,人参有效成分的抗肿瘤作用表现出一定的剂量依赖性,且其化学结构的不同导致抗肿瘤活性有所差异。人参中含有丰富的抗肿瘤活性成分,有望为临床治疗各种肿瘤提供安全有效的天然药物及制剂。

Advance in components with antitumor effect of Panax ginseng and their mechanisms

Panax ginseng C. A. Mey is one of precious traditional Chinese herbal medicine for two thousand years history, due to its various pharmacological effects and wide utilization in the clinical treatment of tumors and other diseases. Presently tumor has become an important factor threatening human health that the antitumor effect of P. ginseng is attracted great attention. In this paper, the effective components of antitumor action by P. ginseng and its molecular mechanism and structure-activity relationship are summarized. Studies have shown that the main effective components of P. ginseng for antitumor effect are ginsenosides and its metabolic products of intestinal bacteria, ginseng polysaccharides, and ginseng polyacetylenes. The functional mechanism of which are clear relatively now and their main mechanisms including induction of cycle arrest, apoptosis and differentiation of tumor cells, enhancement of immunity to tumor cells, inhibition of tumor cell proliferation, invasion and metastasis, etc. And the molecular mechanism is involved in the regulation of many related genes, proteins, proteases, immune cells, cytokines, and signaling pathways, etc. In addition, the active ingredients of P. ginseng exert antitumor effect in a dose-dependent manner, and the different chemical structures of which lead to different antitumor activity. In conclusion, P. ginseng is abundant with antitumor active ingredients, which is expected to provide safe and effective natural medicine and its preparation for clinical treatment of various tumors in the future.