护理人员遭受医院工作场所暴力及其对健康状态的影响

目的 探讨护理人员遭受工作场所暴力现状及其对亚健康状态的影响,为预防医院工作场所暴力发生、改善护理人员的健康状况提供理论依据.方法 采用多阶段分层整群抽样的方法抽取某省各地区市级医院的护理人员679名,采用工作场所暴力量表(WVS)和亚健康状态量表对该省护理人员遭受工作场所暴力的情况及其亚健康状况进行评价.结果 年龄30～45岁的护理人员遭受躯体攻击和情感攻击的发生率最高,与＜30岁组和＞45岁组比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);大专以下学历的护理人员遭受情感攻击的发生率最低,与高学历者的差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);轮班作业护理人员遭受情感虐待的发生率高于无轮班作业者,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);身心科和急诊科护士遭受各种类型工作场所暴力的发生率均高于其他科室,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).随遭受工作场所暴力等级的增加,护理人员的亚健康状态越明显;多因素分析结果表明,在控制了其他因素后,遭受工作场所暴力是护理人员亚健康状态的重要危险因素.结论 护理人员遭受医院工作场所暴力现状不容乐观,减少或控制工作场所暴力是预防护理人员亚健康状态的重要措施.

Effects of the workplace violence on the sub-health status of nurses

Objective To explore the effects of workplace violence on sub-health status of nurses and to provide the theoretical basis for preventing the workplace violence in the hospitals and improving the health status of nurses.Methods A total of 679 nurses were selected by using stratified cluster sampling method.The Chinese version of workplace violence scale (WVS) and sub-health scale were used to measure workplace violence and sub-health status,respectively.Results The subjects with middle age (30～45 years) were found to have the highest incidence of physical assault (24.5％) and emotional assault (52.2％) as compared with other subjects (P＜0.05).The prevalence (23.6％) of emotional assault of subjects with lowest education levels was significantly lower than that of others (P＜0.05).The nurses with work shift were more vulnerable to emotional assault (45.1％) than those without work shift (36.8％) (P＜0.05).The prevalence of the workplace violence of nurses in the psychiatric department and emergency department was significantly higher than that of nurses in other departments (P＜0.05).The results of multivariate analysis showed that workplace violence was an important risk factor for sub-health status of nurses when other potential confounding factors were taken into account.Conclusion The results of present study showed that workplace violence plays an important role in sub-health status of nurses after adjusting other potential confounding factors.It is important to develop the prevention strategies for reducing the incidence of workplace violence and improving the sub-health status of nurses.