门诊痴呆患者诊断率低的原因分析

目的 了解我院神经内科门诊痴呆患者就诊情况,分析影响痴呆患者就诊的因素.方法 对2009年9月15日至2009年12月25日在西安交通大学医学院第一附属医院神经内科门诊就诊的患者中符合入选标准者,采用“三步法”筛查痴呆,并根据美国精神疾病诊断和统计手册第4版(修订版)(DSM-Ⅳ-TR)的标准诊断痴呆及其亚型、美国国立神经疾病研究院语言交流障碍-脑卒中-老年性痴呆及相关疾病协会(NINCDS-ADRDA)标准诊断阿尔茨海默病,美国国立神经疾病和脑卒中研究所和瑞士国际神经科学研究协会(NINDS-AIREN)标准诊断血管性痴呆.对临床确诊的痴呆患者的照料者进行面对面问卷调查,了解痴呆患者就诊情况.结果 调查期间共有门诊患者8042例次,完成IQCODE检查1716例,MMSE检查317例,成套神经心理测查72例,诊断痴呆41例,55岁以上门诊患者痴呆患病率1.8％.其中阿尔茨海默病23例(56.1％),血管性痴呆12例(29.3％),混合性痴呆2例(4.9％),其他原因痴呆4例(9.7％,分别为路易小体痴呆、乙型脑炎后痴呆、癫痫后痴呆和不明原因痴呆各1例)；轻度痴呆18例(43.9％),中度痴呆19例(46.3％),重度痴呆4例(9.8％)；既往确诊痴呆4例(9.8％),门诊医生诊断痴呆15例(36.5％),门诊医生未诊断痴呆而调查时发现痴呆22例(53.7％).完成照料者问卷35份,其中照料者对痴呆完全不了解10例(28.6％),稍有了解22例(62.8％),了解较多3例(8.6％).本次因记忆减退等认知功能障碍症状来就诊19例(46.3％),而以其他非认知功能障碍症状来就诊22例(53.7％),包括性格改变、精神症状、脑梗死、疲乏、睡眠紊乱、震颤及其他症状等.痴呆患者未及时就诊的原因包括:照料者认为老年人的认知功能障碍症状是自然衰老19例(54.3％),患者本人不愿就诊5例(14.3％),认为痴呆无法治疗2例(5.7％),经济困难1例(2.9％),就诊不便3例(8.5％),其他原因5例(14.3％).结论 我国痴呆患者就诊率低,其主要原因是照料者对痴呆认识不足,也与门诊医生仅关注患者的躯体症状,而忽略认知功能症状有关.

The cause analysis of low rate for dementia diagnosis in outpatient clinic

Objective To investigate the cause of low rate for dementia diagnosiss in out-patient clinic.Methods All outpatients between September 15,2009 and December 25,2009 were screened by IQCODE,MMSE and neuropsychological examination.Diagnosis of dementia and its subtype were confirmed according to DSM-IV-TR,NINCDS-ADRDA,and NINDS-AIREN criteria.The caregivers of dementia patients were interviewed with questionnaire.Results There were 8,042 outpatients in the period and 1716 patients completed IQCODE,317 completed MMSE,72 completed a set of neuropsychological test.41 patients were diagnosed as dementia which composed of 23 cases of AD (56.1％),12 cases of vascular dementia(29.3％),2 cases of mixed dementia(4.9％),4 cases of other types of dementia(9.7％),and the prevalence of dementia at age of over 55 years was 1.8％ in out-patient clinics.Among the patients,18 cases were mild dementia (43.9％),19 moderate dementia (46.3 ％ ) and 4 severe dementia (9.8 ％).Four patients(9.8 ％ ) were diagnosed as dementia by case history,15 patients(36.5％) were diagnosed as dementia by clinic doctors,while 22 patients (53.7％) were diagnosed as dementia in the survey.35 caregivers finished questionaire,and 10 caregivers(28.6％) had no knowledge about dementia,22(62.8％) caregivers had a few knowledge and 3(8.6％) caregivers had lots of knowledge.19 (46.3％) dementia patients went to see a doctor with cognitive impairment and 22 (53.7 ％) with other symptoms.The reasons for delay in seeing a doctor included that caregivers considered the impairment of cognition as a result of normal aging (54.3％),patients rejected to see a doctor(14.3％),caregivers considered no treatment for dementia (5.7 ％),and there was economic reason ( 2.9％),inconvenient (8.5 ％) and others ( 14.3 ％).Conclusions The visiting rate of dementia patients in china is very low and many demented patients do not receive early diagnosis and treatment.Patients' delay may contribute to the lack of knowledge of caregivers,and to doctor's ignore of the cognitive impairment.