二硝酰胺铵的致突变性和致畸性研究

目的 对新型含能材料二硝酰胺铵(ADN)的致突变性和致畸性进行研究,为进一步研究ADN对人体健康影响和制订职业接触限值提供依据.方法 根据《化学品毒性鉴定技术规范》,采用鼠伤寒沙门杆菌回复突变试验(Ames试验)、体内哺乳动物骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核试验、精子畸形试验和致畸试验研究ADN的致突变性和致畸性.结果 (1)ADN在8～5000 μg/皿剂量范围内未发现诱变作用；113.8mg/kg剂量染毒组与阴性对照相比,诱发小鼠的微核率明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)；54.4～272.0 mg/kg剂量范围内小鼠精子畸形试验结果为阴性.(2)319 mg/kg剂量组活胎率低于阴性对照组,吸收胎率高于阴性对照组；319 mg/kg剂量组胎鼠胸骨1发育不全率高于阴性对照,21.3、79.7、319 mg/kg 3个剂量组胎鼠胸骨4～6发育不全率高于阴性对照组；319 mg/kg剂量组胎鼠内脏畸形率高于阴性对照组.ADN对大鼠的致畸指数为30.结论 ADN属可疑诱变剂,有致畸危害.

Study on mutagenicity and teratogenicity of ammonium dinitramide (ADN)

Objective To study the mutagenicity and teratogenicity induced by ammonium dinitramide (ADN).Methods According to technical specifications for toxicity determination of chemicals,Salmonella typhimurium reverse mutation assay (Ames assay),in vivo mammalian erythrocyte micronucleus test,sperm malformation test and teratogenesis test were used to detect the mutagenicity and teratogenicity induced by AND.Results When the exposure doses of AND were 8～5000 μg/plate,the result of Ames assay was negative.As compared with control group,the micronucleus rate of mice exposed to 113.8 mg/kg AND significantly increased (P＜0.05),the sperm malformation rates of mice exposed to 54.4～272.0 mg/kg AND did not increased significantly.The survival rate of fetuses decreased,the rate of assimilated fetuses increased,the rate of fetus sternum agenesis enhanced in mice exposed to 319 mg/kg AND,as compared with controls.The rates of in the 4th-6th fetus sternum agenesis in groups exposed to 21.3,79.7 and 319 mg/kg AND were higher than that in control group.The malformation rate of fetus bowels in groups exposed to 319 mg/kg AND was higher than that in control group.The teratogenic index of ADN was 30.Conclusion AND may be a mutagen and induce the teratogenic effect.