某电子企业2560名女工职业健康状况调查

目的 了解电子企业女工的职业健康现状。方法 采用整群抽样的方法，抽取某电子企业一线生产女工2560名作为调查对象进行问卷调查，并对企业作业场所主要职业性危害因素进行监测，对接触职业性危害因素的女工进行职业健康检查。结果 电子企业一线生产女工平均年龄(19.4±2.9)岁，月平均工作(26.2±3.1)d，每天平均工作(9.6±1.4)h，83.8％的女工需要经常加班;作业场所除氧化锡尘和噪声超标外，其他有害因素监测结果均在职业接触限值以下；低浓度苯作业女工以白细胞下降为主的阳性结果检出率达18.1％。劳动负荷大（经常加班、搬动重物）和不合理人机工效设计对腰酸背痛等骨骼肌肉系统症状、神经精神症状、职业应激、视疲劳及意外伤害有明显的增强效应，合理安排工间休息有助于缓解上述事件的发生，差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05，P＜0.01)。结论 对于劳动密集型电子企业，一方面要加强对各种职业性危害的预防控制，同时，要加强对劳动过程中劳动负荷的调节和人机工效的合理设计，减少其对劳动者健康的影响。

Investigation of health of 2560 female workers in a electronic enterprise

Objective To investigate the occupational health situation of female workers in the electronic enterprise. Methods A cluster sampling method was used to investigate the occupational health situation of 2560 female workers who were working in the workshops by questionnaire. The major occupational hazardous factors in the workplaces were monitored, and the health examination was conducted in 2560 female workers exposed to the occupational hazardous factors. Results The average age of 2560 female workers was (19.4±2.9) years, the average working days a month was (26.2±3.1) days, he average working time a day was (9.6±1.4) hours with work overtime at times. All hazard factors in the workplace are controlled within safe standard except for tin oxide concentration of air and noise level in workshop, 18.1％ of female workers exposed to the low concentration of benzene suffered from the decreased number of leukocytes. The heavy workload (such as, working overtime and moving heavy objects) and irrational ergonomic design induced obviously the muscular-skeletal system symptoms, such as backache, neurological symptoms, occupational stress, visual fatigue and accident injury as well. However, the enough interval rest could reduce significantly the occurrence of above symptoms (P＜0.05). Conclusion For the labor-intensive electronic enterprises, the occupational hazard prevention and control measures should be strengthened. The labor load regulation and rational ergonomic design can reduce the effects of the occupational hazard on the health of workers.