直肠癌新辅助放化疗后的非手术治疗

新辅助放化疗目前已成为临床Ⅱ、Ⅲ期直肠癌的标准辅助治疗方式。接受新辅助治疗的患者部分可达到病理完全缓解，即切除的样本中不存在癌细胞。达到临床完全缓解的患者，取消手术治疗后仍获得较好的生存率。临床是否可以通过筛选取消部分患者的手术治疗，以避免术中及术后可能存在的风险及不良反应成为值得探讨的问题。

Wait and see in rectal cancer after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy

Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy has been used as a standard treatment for patients with locally advanced (T2 and T3 ) rectal carcinoma. Some patients who receive neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy obtain pathological complete remission, namely, the absence of any tumor cells in the surgical specimens. The patients who obtain pathological complete remission get a better survival rate after canceling operation. Researches are still needed to investigate whether it is safe for patients in order to avoid risk and adverse reaction.