呼吸系统疾病住院患者痰液真菌培养结果分析

目的 探讨呼吸系统疾病住院患发生真菌感染的特点，为临床真菌感染的预防和治疗提供依据。方法 对3年中631例住院的呼吸系统疾病患取痰液标本进行真菌培养，并对其结果进行分析。结果 631例呼吸系统疾病患发生真菌感染144例（22．8％），1999年，2000年，2001年真菌感染的发生率分别为15．9％（32／201），21．5％（42／195），29．8％（70／235）。不同病种患的真菌感染发生率依次为：肺肿瘤40．7％（37／91），慢性支气管炎36．8％（61／66），肺源性心脏病22．1％（23／104），肺气肿19．2％（14／730，肺炎4．6％（9／197）。感染真菌种类分别为；白色念珠菌99例（占68．8％），热带念珠菌18例（占12．5％），平滑念珠菌16例（占11．1％），克柔念珠菌6例（占4．2％），曲霉菌5例（占3．5％）。结论 呼吸系统疾病住院患发生真菌感染的比率逐年增长，白色念珠菌是其主要致病菌种。

An analysis on mycological culture for sputum collected from inpatients with respiratory system diseases

Objectives To study the features of fungus infection in inpatients with respiratory system diseases by sputum culture and provide rationale for prevention and treatment of clinical fungus infection. Methods Sputum specimens were collected from 631 inpatients with respiratory diseases and cultured at 351 for 24-48 hours with VITEK-YBC auto bacteria grow system to identify fungus. Results Totally, 144 of 631 hospitalized cases with respiratory diseases suffered from fungus infection(22.8%), with infection rates of 15.9 % (32/201), 21.5%(42/195)and 29.8% (70/235)in the year of 1999, 2000 and 2001, respectively. Out of 144 cases with fungus infection, 37 cases suffered with lung tumor (40.7% ), 61 with chronic bronchitis tracheitis (36.8% ), 23 with cor pulmonale (22.1%), 14 with emphysema (19.2%) and 9 with pneumonia (4.6%), respectively. According to the categorize of fungus, 99 cases infected with Candida albicans (68.8%), 18 with Candida tropicalis (12.5%), 16 with candida glubrata (11.1%), 6 with Candida krusi (4.2%) and 5 with aspergillus (3.5%), respectively. Conclusion Fungus infection rate in inpatients with respiratory diseases increased year after year, with Candida albicans as their main pathogen.