太极拳运动对老年人平衡功能和跌倒预防效果的Meta分析

目的系统评价太极拳运动对老年人平衡功能和跌倒预防效果的影响。方法计算机检索PubMed、WebofScience、TheCochraneLibrary（2012年第8期）、EMbase、CBM、CNKI、VIP和WanFangData等数据库中有关太极拳运动对老年人平衡功能和预防跌倒的随机对照试验（RCT），检索时限均为2000—2012年，并追溯纳入研究的参考文献。按照纳入和排除标准筛选文献、提取资料并评价纳入研究的方法学质量后，采用RevMan5．1软件进行Meta分析。结果共纳入6个RCT，合计2796例患者。Meta分析结果显示：太极拳组在降低老年人跌倒的发生率RR=0．82，95％CI（0．73，0．92），P=0．0006]、减少起立行走时间MD=0．71，95％CI（O．29，1．12），P=0．0009]、增加功能性伸展距离MD=0．78，95％CI（0．33，1．23），P=0．0007]和Berg平衡量表得分MD=2．45，95％CI（1．47，3．43），P〈0．00001]方面均明显优于对照组，其差异均有统计学意义。结论太极拳运动可降低老年人跌倒的发生，提高平衡功能。

Effectiveness of Tai Chi in Fall Prevention and Balance Function in the Elderly:A Meta-Analysis

Objective To objectively evaluate the effectiveness of Tai Chi in fall prevention and balance function in the elderly. Methods Databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library （Issue 8, 2012）, EMbase, CBM, CNKI, VIP and WanFang Data were electronically searched to collect the randomized controlled trials （RCTs） published from 2000 to 2012, and the relevant references of the included articles were also manually searched. According to the in- clusion and exclusion criteria, the literature was screened, the data were extracted and the methodological quality of the included studies was assessed. Then meta-analyses were performed by using RevMan 5.1 software. Results A total of 6 RCTs involving 2 796 participants were included. The results of meta-analyses showed that the Tai Chi group was superior to the control group in decrease of the incidence rate of fall （RR=0.82, 95%CI 0.73 to 0.92, P=0.000 6）, Timed Up and Go Test （MD=0.71, 95%CI 0.29 to 1.12, P=0.000 9）, Functional Reach Test （MD=0.78, 95%CI 0.33 to 1.23, P=0.000 7） and Berger Balance Scale （MD=2.45, 95%CI 1.47 to 3.43, P〈0.000 01）, and there were statistical differences. Conclusion Tai Chi can effectively reduce the risk of fall for the elderly and improve their balance function.