抗真菌药物在新生儿和婴儿体内的药动学

目前大多数抗真菌药物的药动学数据来自成人,尚未建立不同年龄组儿童给药剂量的标准,且并非所有抗真菌药物都被批准用于新生儿和婴儿真菌感染的预防和治疗。然而新生儿和婴儿药动学特点与成人不同,且药动学参数随生长发育而变化。常用抗真菌药物(多烯大环内酯类、氟化嘧啶类、唑类和棘白菌素类)在新生儿和婴儿体内的吸收、分布、代谢和排泄过程具有较大的个体差异,也不同于其他年龄段儿童。目前抗真菌药物在新生儿和婴儿体内的药动学研究大多限于案例报道,应进一步开展抗真菌药物在新生儿和婴儿体内的药动学和药效学研究。

Pharmacokinetics of antifungals in neonates and infants

Pharmacokinetic data of most antifungals in pediatric patients are derived from experience in adults.Appropriate dosages have not been established for different age groups and not all antifungals are approved for the prevention and treatment in neonates and infants.However,neonates and infants differ from adults in pharmacokinetics,and kinetic parameters change with development.Pharmacokinetic process of most commonly used antifungals(polyene macrolides,fluorinated pyrimidines,triazoles and echinocandins) in neonates and infants including absorption,distribution,metabolism and excretion exhibits considerable interindividual variability.The disposition in neonates and infants is different from that in other age groups.At present,most reports of antifungal pharmacokinetics in neonates and infants are limited to case series.More pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies in neonates and infants are required.