湖南省2000～2002年食源性疾病调查分析

目的：了解食源性疾病的发生规律，以便进一步做好预防工作。方法：收集食物中毒和五个食源性传染病的发病数据和案例，并进行统计分析。结果：两类食源性疾病中，以食源性传染病为主，占总病例数的93．69％．病死数以食物中毒为多，占65％；前者以细菌性痢疾、伤寒与副伤寒为多，后者以微生物(其中沙门氏茵属为多，占36．86％)、农药及化学物(其中鼠药中毒比例大，占52．82％)为主；24起重大食物中毒案件中，发生在学校的有15起，占62．50％，病例数占71．60％；食源性传染病发病高峰在6～9月份，病例数、病死数均以5岁以下儿童所占比例最大。结论病例数经漏报调查校正，估计湖南每年有23200人患病，病死110人，由于本文数据未能涵盖所有的食源性疾病，故此数据仍为冰山一角；应重点加强中小学校食堂卫生与管理；在农村则要加强采食野蘑菇以防中毒的宣传教育；预防食源性传染病应以预防霍乱、痢疾和伤寒为重点；关注的人群主要为10岁以下的儿童学生。

Investigation into the prevalence of food borne diseases in Hunan Province in 2000 ～ 2002

Objective To explore the pattern of foodborne disease incidence so as to improve the preventive work. Methods Data and cases associated with food poisoning and five foodborne infectious diseases were collected and analyzed. Results Two types of foodborne diseases were predominated and accounted for 93.69% of total cases.But the number of deaths from food poisoning was greater and accounted for 65%.Bacillary dysentery,typhoid and paratyphoid were main foodborne infectious diseases.Food poisoning resulting from bacteria,pesticides and other chemicals contamination were the main parts in this catalogue .Among bacterial food posioning,36.86% was related to Salmonella, and among food poisoning from pesticides and chemicals,52.82% was due to raticides.Among 24 important food poisoning cases,15 occurred in schools(62.5%) and the number of patients accounted for 71.60% . The peak month for foodborne infectious diseases occurrence was from June to September.The number of cases and deaths in children below 5 years old accounted for the most. Conclusion After the missing report adjusment,it was estimated that foodborne diseases occurred to 23 200 people was afflicted in every year in Hunan Province and 110 died from it. Since the data in this report did not cover all foodborne diseases, The number reported was only part of the iceberg. Sanitary management of the dining room in middle and primary schools should be improved and health education on preventing poisoning from wild mushroom should be enhanced in villages. Cholera, dysentery and typhoid should be taken as the target for foodborne infectious diseases and attention be paid on protection of children below 10 years old.