学龄前儿童普通话平均句子长度和词汇广度研究

目的了解学龄前儿童普通话平均句子长度（MLU）和词汇广度随年龄增长的变化规律。方法选择上海市浦东新区2所幼儿园,按不同年龄组（36±1）个月,（42±1）个月,（48±1）个月,（54±1）个月,（60±1）个月,（66±1）个月,（72±1）个月]各选取10名儿童（共70名）。计算每名儿童20min语言样本中所有自然语言的MLU和词汇广度,观察学龄前儿童MLU和词汇广度随年龄增长的变化情况及MLU和词汇广度的相关性。结果70名儿童均进入研究。直线回归分析示学龄前儿童普通话的MLU与年龄呈正相关（r=0.563,P=0.000）。根据年龄预计儿童MLU值的方程为：MLU=（0.023×年龄）＋2.966。2次曲线回归分析示学龄前儿童普通话的词汇广度与年龄呈正相关（r=0.373,P=0.006）。根据年龄预计儿童词汇广度（以D值表示）的方程为：D=（1.77×年龄）-0.014×年龄2＋15.02。MLU与D值呈正相关（r=0.303,P=0.011）,但控制年龄因素后,MLU和D值无相关性（P=0.115）。结论掌握学龄前儿童普通话MLU和词汇广度随年龄增长的规律,是对学龄前儿童语言发育研究的初探,同时为学龄前儿童语言发展的基础和临床研究提供参考资料。

The research on mean length of utterance and lexical diversity in preschool Mandarin-speaking children

Objective To identify the mean length of utterance and lexical diversity development in preschool Putonghua-speaking children.Methods Seventy children aged 36 to 72 months whose first language was Mandarin were random selected from two kindergartens in Shanghai Pudong area and invited to participate.The children had no known hearing problems,neurological and cognitive deficits or stuttering.The children were administered a standardized cognitive text,each child was scored no lower than 1SD below the mean.No children were excluded and the final samples contained seventy children（35 boys and 35 girls） which were divided into seven groups （36±1）months,（42±1）months,（48±1）months,（54±1）months,（60±1）months,（66±1）months,（72±1）months],each group included 10 children.Each child＇s expressive language was sampled during a play interaction with the same researcher who was trained in the methods of language sampling.Conversational language samples,each lasting approximately 20 min,were based on a play activity with same toys and language topics.The language samples were audio-recorded and transcribed in Chinese characters by the researcher,then analyzed using the computerized Language Analyses（CLAN） computer program to calculate measures of utterance length（MLU） and lexical diversity（LD）.Summary statistics were calculated first for each measure.Next it was given that children＇s language abilities change with age.Age was used as a proxy for general language development and was entered as the criterion variable,taking either MLU or D as the predictor variable,using a curve estimation procedure.All analysis were done using SPSS.Results Summary statistics for MLU and D for each group as a whole showed,across the entire group,the children＇s language samples contained an average of 179 complete and fully intelligible utterances（s=29） and 756 intelligible words（s=190）.Scores for boys and girls did not differ from each other significantly in any of the measures.The corr