Operant behavior to obtain palatable food modifies neuronal plasticity in the brain reward circuit |
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| Authors: | Thomas Guegan Laura Cutando Eduard Ayuso Emanuela Santini Gilberto Fisone Fatima Bosch Albert Martinez Emmanuel Valjent Rafael Maldonado Miquel Martin |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Laboratori de Neurofarmacologia, Univeristat Pompeu Fabra, PRBB, Barcelona, Spain;2. Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden;3. Departament de Biologia Cellular, Universitat de Barcelona/Institut de Recerca en Biomedicina, Barcelona/CIBERNED, Spain;4. Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain;1. Centre de Neuroscience Paris-Sud (CNPS), CNRS UMR 8195, Université Paris Sud, Bâtiment 446, 91405 Orsay, France;2. INSERM U894- Centre de Psychiatrie et Neuroscience (CPN), Faculté de Médecine Pierre et Marie Curie, site Pitié-Salpétrière, 75634 Paris Cedex 13, France;1. Esteve, Drug Discovery and Preclinical Development. Parc Científic de Barcelona. Carrer Baldiri Reixac, 4-8. 08028 Barcelona, Spain;2. Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica. Calle Doctor Aiguader, 88. 3rd floor. 08003 Barcelona, Spain;3. Sperberweg 15, D-52076 Aachen (Walheim), Germany;4. Department of Pharmacology and Institute of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Granada, Avenida de Madrid, 11. 18012 Granada, Spain;1. Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, United States;2. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China;1. Departamento de Fisiología (Fisiología Animal II), Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain;2. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain;3. Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain;4. Departamento de Fisiología Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain;1. Department of Pharmacy, Okayama University Hospital, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan;2. Department of Pharmaceutical Information Sciences, Matsuyama University, 4-2 Bunkyo-cho, Ehime 790-8578, Japan;3. School of Pharmacy, Shujitsu University, 1-6-1, Nishigawara, Naka-ku, Okayama 703-8516, Japan |
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| Abstract: | Palatability enhances food intake by hedonic mechanisms that prevail over caloric necessities. Different studies have demonstrated the role of endogenous cannabinoids in the mesocorticolimbic system in controlling food hedonic value and consumption. We hypothesize that the endogenous cannabinoid system could also be involved in the development of food-induced behavioral alterations, such as food-seeking and binge-eating, by a mechanism that requires neuroplastic changes in the brain reward pathway. For this purpose, we evaluated the role of the CB1 cannabinoid receptor (CB1-R) in the behavioral and neuroplastic changes induced by operant training for standard, highly caloric or highly palatable isocaloric food using different genetics, viral and pharmacological approaches. Neuroplasticity was evaluated by measuring changes in dendritic spine density in neurons previously labeled with the dye DiI. Only operant training to obtain highly palatable isocaloric food induced neuroplastic changes in neurons of the nucleus accumbens shell and prefrontal cortex that were associated to changes in food-seeking behavior. These behavioral and neuroplastic modifications induced by highly palatable isocaloric food were dependent on the activity of the CB1-R. Neuroplastic changes induced by highly palatable isocaloric food are similar to those produced by some drugs of abuse and may be crucial in the alteration of food-seeking behavior leading to overweight and obesity. |
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