Longitudinal associations of blood markers of insulin and glucose metabolism and cancer mortality in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey |
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| Authors: | Niyati Parekh Yong Lin Richard B. Hayes Jeanine B. Albu Grace L. Lu-Yao |
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| Affiliation: | (1) Department of Nutrition, Food Studies, and Public Health, New York University, 35 W4th Street, Room 1077F, New York, NY 10012, USA;(2) The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey (UMDNJ), 195 Little Albany Street, Room #5536, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA;(3) School of Public Health, #214, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA;(4) New York University, Cancer Institute, New York, NY 10016, USA;(5) Division of Epidemiology, Department of Environmental Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA;(6) College of Physicians and Surgeons, St. Luke’s Roosevelt Hospital Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10019, USA;(7) The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey (UMDNJ), 195 Little Albany Street, Room #5534, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA;(8) Department of Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA;(9) School of Public Health, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; |
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| Abstract: | Insulin and glucose may influence cancer mortality via their proliferative and anti-apoptotic properties. Using longitudinal data from the nationally representative Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III; 1988–1994), with an average follow-up of 8.5 years to death, we evaluated markers of glucose and insulin metabolism, with cancer mortality, ascertained using death certificates or the National Death Index. Plasma glucose, insulin, C-peptide, and lipid concentrations were measured. Anthropometrics, lifestyle, medical, and demographic information was obtained during in-person interviews. After adjusting for age, race, sex, smoking status, physical activity, and body mass index, for every 50 mg/dl increase in plasma glucose, there was a 22% increased risk of overall cancer mortality. Insulin resistance was associated with a 41% (95% confidence interval (CI) (1.07–1.87; p = 0.01) increased risk of overall cancer mortality. These associations were stronger after excluding lung cancer deaths for insulin-resistant individuals (HR: 1.67; 95% CI: 1.15–2.42; p = 0.01), specifically among those with lower levels of physical activity (HR: 2.06; 95% CI: 1.4–3.0; p = 0.0001). Similar associations were observed for other blood markers of glucose and insulin, albeit not statistically significant. In conclusion, hyperglycemia and insulin resistance may be ‘high-risk’ conditions for cancer mortality. Managing these conditions may be effective cancer control tools. |
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